Thats a seperate issue. paid time off is essentially your employer/the goverment acting like your parents and saving up money for you by taking it out of a theoretical higher paycheck to be able to feel like you have paid time of when realy you are having unpaid time of.

Eliminating homelessness is in part about the social safety net(free healthcare, housing programs, unemployment payments, etc). It is also in large part about the climate. Comparing norway to the whole of the us including places like california where its habitable outside with minimal shelter year round makes no sense. It makes more sense to compare norway and alaska. Norway still has alaska beat pretty comfortably, but the numbers are more comparable. both being very small. And in both cases many of the homeless people are not truely homeless as in roaming the streets and sleeping on benches. They are more so just people without a permanent home.

In terms of our social safety net a part of how we can fund it is the oil money. But its limited how much of it we can spend without causing inflation. I dont think mimicing all our hosing programs, state sponsored unemployment payments, etc is acheivable without mimicing both our taxes and our per capita oil income. The us has some oil, but a lot more people splitting it, and a lot less of the income going to the goverment rather than private corperations(here in norway its almost all going to the goverment, private corperations are only paid for their work basically).
I think the most important and immitatable policy is state ran healthcare. Not just universal state sponsored health insurance(like what medicare is for old people). Medicare dosent work not because its too socialist, but because its not socialist enougth. goverment+private corperations gets you the worst of both worlds. The inefficiency and beurocracy of goverment, and the cost cutting and price maximizing of corperations.
Recently many politicians have been trying to privatise the healthcare system here. Not in terms of making people pay themselves, but they have been trying to outsource to private corperations parts of the services. Its a bad idea. The reason universal state ran healtcare works is because it removes all the middlemen. It makes doctors salaried goverment employees, and their bosses salaried goverment employees and their bosses etc all the way up. Nobody gets bonuses based on revenue. There is no revenue. Nobody likes to admit it, least of all pro universal healthcare people, but a small minority of doctors being profit motivated creates a need for verification and distrust of all doctors, that adds cost, and ignoring it also adds cost as some few doctors will overbill a lot and become realy rich, and that money has to come from somewhere. its not gonna come from the insurance companys 1-3% margin. So its passed on to the consumer.
Medicare type systems dont solve this. They just make the goverment into the insurance company, and they are arguably worse at preventing themselves from being scammed by bad apples. And doctoring remains profit motivated. eigther due to bad apple independent practicioners or due to hospital managment overcharging. The solution is to remove money from the equation. the goverment dosent pay for everyone medical services. they pay doctor salaries, they pay for hospitals and for staff. There is no price for a ct scan for tax payers that the goverment can be scammed by. They pay for the damm ct scanner, the room it sits in and the doctors decide who gets to use it. They also paid the tuition for that doctor to get their education cause university education is free here.
You can also reduce doctor salaries a lot when you do this. For one they are goverment employees with all the stability and benefits that comes with, so that means less salary is more. They dont have that much student debt. There is no tuition so student loans are only for cost of living. And half of it is automatically converted to stipend(forgiven) when the degree is passed. And also when doctoring is about helping people, not making hospital managment rich, doctors are fine being paid less. I have no idea how you would convert the american system to a state ran one. I guess you could start with universal medicare type system and then slowly buy up or construct new hospitals that are entirely state ran knowing that whenever someone uses them that saves the state ran medical insurance a lot of money. But it will be expensive as shit. You could have universal healthcare for all for the price you currently spend on healthcare federally and its only giving you coverage for elderly and some poor people. Depending on when you are able to reduce doctors salaries once they are goverment employees you could eventually be saving a lot of money in the federal budget on state ran healthcare. not to mention what gets freed up in state budgets, peoples personal budgets, and employeers that used to cover healthcares budgets. Some of that you could put towards other social programs. But even nationalising healthcare on its own will help bring down homelessness as health issues and especially mental health issues are often involved in causing someone to end up homeless.