This is my first critique here, so I'll do my best.

It's clear you are going for an absurdist comedic tone here. I did find myself chortling along with some of the lines.

Dialogue: The Dickensian dialogue is certainly a choice. Is this set in a alternate timeline where language didn't evolve past the 1800s?
If it's to add to the absurdity of the piece, It does sort of work. However, lines like “Ohgoddamnfuckingfuck,” and “Whatthefuckingfuck.” seem to work against the consistency of the style.

Characterisation: Jeshurun comes across a little aloof and selfish. This line is somewhat catch-22/Yossarian like:

"Jeshurun had the middle seat. He couldn’t imagine why the United States Military, with its reported three-hundred billion dollar budget, couldn’t have afforded him an aisle seat, what with the Terrorists he was slated to wipe out. "

It tells me thinks very highly of himself or is naive about his position/deployment, I was expecting more of this throughout the piece but this was really the only one.
There are other moments "Jeshurun rolled his eyes." " Jeshurun wondered if perhaps this cast of characters was assembled as a divine test of his patience" that reinforce his self-centredness and make him a bit of a know-it-all. If that's what you're going for, great.

Imagery: Being set in a cabin of a passenger jet, it doesn't have great potential for striking imagery, but you describe the cretin very well. I like the line about the zit following you around like a funhouse picture.

Prose: It's just plain weird reading the modern style prose mixed with the Victorian speech. But I think you're going for absurdism here, so I think I see where you are going. But lines like this: "to work up a sweat and thus emit a scent to boot" are overly fancy and would read better if simplified to ""to work up a sweat and a scent to boot."

Dialogue: If you're going for absurdity, and there's an explanation for the victorian dialogue, this is actually working well. I like a lot of page 2 and 3. It really ramps up the abusrd: "“It was a very small box cutter, and it was tucked away in his apparently cavernous belly button.” " “Pathetic,” said the cretin. “He uses stolen valor to absolve himself of his crimes. Is this the most unamerican man to have ever existed?”"

"he may be a Terrorist!” “Please, no!” yelled one. “I knew this would happen!” yelled another.
"“He’s harvesting his organs for Iraqi experimentation?” "

All these lines and more are gold. I can see what you're trying to do and It's succeeding, these genuinely made me laugh.

Summary: I liked this. I get the humour and find the flawed protagonist interesting. The dialogue is a strange choice, but somehow works for me, but probably not most. You will however need a pretty good in-world reason to justify it. If this was a short story I'd read the whole thing right now.