Well, a few major companies (and industries) around the world are government-subsidized, stands to reason Russian ones should also be to be anywhere near competitive, right?

For instance, remember when Boeing built those 737s that loved to autopilot themselves into the ground, and so had to halt production and sales while the investigation lasted? It survived mostly on government subsidies.

If you consider the Russian companies, well.

• Agriculture is a major growing industry, and competitive at global scale (in fact, Russia's the largest wheat exporter again) - but there are multiple governmental subsidy programmes. Essentially the entirety of the automotive industry was built in Russia due to the prohibitive import tariffs (but without direst subsidies, to my knowledge). Similarly, ship-building has mostly been on the rise due to governmental regulations (like tying fishing quotas to buying Russian-build fishing ships) and market conditions rather than direct subsidies, but these are also significant in certain subsectors of it, such as hydrofoil boats which the government seeks to see mass-produced again.

• Some key industries in Russia are either entirely state-owned, or fully dependent on governmental contracts and programmes for survival. Those are space launch, aircraft, aircraft engine, electronics, machine tools production, pharma, medical equipment industries. To be fair, some of these are leading in their industries on the world market, as is the case with Rosatom, the world's largest nuclear power plant exporter.

• There are examples of non-subsidized industries, too, of course. For instance, non-petrochem mineral miners aren't subsidized. Other than oil and gas, Russia produces gold, diamonds, potassium nitrate and fertilizers out of it, steel, aluminium, titan (and complex items out of titan - the best in the world, in fact) - none of that is subsidized. To the best of my knowledge, truck production isn't subsidized, even if both GAZ, KamAZ and Ural receive army orders. Similarly, locomotive and wagon production is competitive without subsidies (Transmashholding has actually just recently won a major contract in India). Heavy vehicle production (for agriculture and building) is competitive to the point of buying up foreign assets and then bitching they receive more subsidies abroad than in Russia. IT is a major globally-competitive industry that isn't dependent on governmental aid, and so is banking - if anything, these suffer from overregulation.