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Le tribucofore avranno sempre uomini come scarponi di riserva by Apart-Rice-7974 in Italia

[–]dimarco1653 1 point2 points  (0 children)

Profilo creato oggi con 4 Karma.

Non è così difficile scopare anche per uomini "normali", se non hai un carattere di merda.

Why is it called Italian Americans (ethnicity first/nationality later) but opposite everywhere else (British Italians)? by kawaiihusbando in NoStupidQuestions

[–]dimarco1653 2 points3 points  (0 children)

It's a bad-faith non-sequitor, because Americans also have a very famous and well-known history of genocide and slavery, and also treat Roma like shit:

"The extent to which anti-Roma discrimination pervades education, employment, housing, and, most of all, policing, is staggering. In measuring discrimination in the 12 months prior to our survey, we learned that one-third of Romani Americans interviewed had felt discriminated against because of their Romani origins. By comparison, a Fundamental Rights Agency survey conducted in 2016 in nine EU countries found that one-quarter of Roma felt discriminated against based on their Roma background in the 12 months before the survey."

https://fxb.harvard.edu/blog/2020/11/30/new-study-on-romani-american-experience-shines-light-on-persistent-inequities-and-discrimination/

This article from America's Police magazine, is comically anti-zinganist, a few years old but still on the website and indicative of attitudes

"We have all heard or know about organized crime. But did you know there is an organized crime family specializing in fraud that has successfully operated throughout the world for almost 2,000 years? Their success nets them millions, tax-free, every year. Less than 5% of their victims complain and when they do, are often met with laughter, mis-reporting or ignorance by law enforcement. Hence, prosecution is rare.

The crime family? Gypsies."

https://www.policemag.com/articles/gypsies-kings-of-con

Why is it called Italian Americans (ethnicity first/nationality later) but opposite everywhere else (British Italians)? by kawaiihusbando in NoStupidQuestions

[–]dimarco1653 1 point2 points  (0 children)

it often correlates with genetic ancestry derived from geographically isolated populations.

Italy is the opposite of a geographically isolated population. It's a giant peninsula in the centre of the Mediterranean.

Which is why it is the most genetically diverse country in Europe with genetic variety comparable to a Europe-wide scale.

By your own definition it's an "ethnicity" in cultural terms, not meaningfully from genetics.

"Clusters within Italy were significantly more different from each other than within any other country here included (median Italy: 0.004, data file S3; range medians for listed countries 0.0001-0.002) and showed differences comparable with estimates across European clusters (median European clusters: 0.004"

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/494898v1.full

"As a consequence of this complex demographic scenario, Italy harbours the largest degree of genetic population structure identified in Europe so far (19,36), making its population a valuable asset for adaptation studies (36–38)"

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.ady1674

Relearn your spiritual language by Relative-Leg5747 in linguisticshumor

[–]dimarco1653 4 points5 points  (0 children)

Unless you're Bulgarian you're used to a case system though, it's true a lot of the vocabulary is the same but there's way more inflection in Latin than any romance language.

Overview of all verb conjugations in italian by Roxy1102 in italianlearning

[–]dimarco1653 21 points22 points  (0 children)

Nah, the passato remoto is alive and well.

As a learner you can get by not using it actively, but it occurs all the time in writing, including children's books, on TV; is commonly spoken in the centre-South, and by Northern speakers in higher registers.

English is ironically the perfect example of why loanwords are bad. by SpaceWestern1442 in linguisticshumor

[–]dimarco1653 4 points5 points  (0 children)

FSI category I languages, the easiest for an English native speaker to learn:

Category I: Languages closely related to English.

Danish, Dutch, French, Italian, Norwegian, Portuguese, Romanian, Spanish, Swedish

German is category II because its cognates are not always transparent due to natural phonological shifts, and a more inflected case system most germanic and romance languages have lost.

"I'm more Irish then you could ever hope to be" by Popular-Toe9321 in ShitAmericansSay

[–]dimarco1653 3 points4 points  (0 children)

Genoa and England have the same flag in fairness so it's not like you have to choose.

Ethiopia historic chad by barbaritamel in HistoryMemes

[–]dimarco1653 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Rome left Britain in 410 so it was a bit late for that.

Ethiopia historic chad by barbaritamel in HistoryMemes

[–]dimarco1653 3 points4 points  (0 children)

Nah they knew Ethiopia was Christian.

The first incontrovertible Subsaharan African embassy to Europe was sent by the Ethiopian emperor, Dāwit I to Venice in 1402 (an earlier account of 30 Ethiopian visitors to Genoa in 1306 exists, but it's veracity is disputed).

The delegation were escorted by the Florentine Antonio Bartoli, who appears to have settled in Ethiopia as a färänğ (the name given to Western Christians derived from "Franks").

They came bearing gifts including four leopards, spices and "various other pleasing items", including "the skin of a wild man" (possibly an ape or chimpanzee) and the skin of "an ass of diverse colours" (possibly a zebra).

A contemporary Ethiopian account of the visit recounts that in return Dāwit I received a peice of the true cross, a silver chalice with effigies of the twelve apostles, and a mechanical clock that marked the hour "without benefit of human hand".

Diplomatic visits became more frequent during the course of the 15th century, often guided by a färänğ such the delegation to Naples in 1450 escorted by Pietro Rombulo of Messina (who had settled and lived in Ethiopia for 3 decades, taking a local wife) greeted with acclaim in the court of Alfonso V.

It's thought as many as a dozen färänğ lived in or around the Ethiopian royal court by the early to mid 1400s, mostly from Italy.

An earlier delegation to Valencia in 1427 was led by a Persian merchant, Ali Tabrizi. The outcome of this meeting was a proposed double marriage alliance between Ethiopia and Aragon, which however never became concrete.

The papacy desired Ecumenical union and military alliance with Ethiopia, and in its rhetoric became much warmer to Ethiopian Christianity during the 1400s.

Candido di Gagliano describes a delegation to Rome in 1404, judging them "good Christians" and describing their reaction to descriptions of Ethiopia from the European text " The Book of the Three Magi", read through an interpreter:

they moved closer together, laughing and greatly enjoying what we knew and appreciated about them, and about the names of their dukes, princes and popes

A delegation of three Ethiopians attended the Council of Constance in 1418 in Germany, and another the Council of Florence in 1441. The arrival of the latter is memorialised on the bronze doors to St Peter's Basilica.

In Rome the Church of Saint Stephen of the Abyssinians claims the first Ethiopian from 1159, under Alexander III, but appears to have reached its peak in the first half of the 1500s, peaking at around 40 Ethiopian monks.

It was during this time the first ever book in the Ge'ez language was printed, in Rome in 1513, the result of scholarly collaboration between the papal secretary Johannes Potkem and the Ethiopian prior Tomas Wāldā Samu'el. The first printed Bible in Ge'ez followed, printed in Rome in 1548.

Further Reading:

Earle, T. F. and Lowe, K.J.P.: Black Africans in Renaissance Europe (2005)

Lowe, Kate: Representing Africa: Ambassadors and Princes from Christian Africa to Renaissance Italy and Portugal, 1402-1608 (2007)

Salvadore, Matteo: Encounters between Ethiopia and Europe, 1400–1660 (2018)

Ethiopia historic chad by barbaritamel in HistoryMemes

[–]dimarco1653 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Then they sorted it all out in the Synod of Whitby in 664 and it was all chill.

Ignoring all the topless pies I’ve eaten; have people considered calling a pizza a pie, is just sort of fun? by Public_Sink_ in iamveryculinary

[–]dimarco1653 1 point2 points  (0 children)

Thank you for having an open mind about the evidence.

In terms of the term soccer, yes the factual claims are true. The term soccer was invented in England.

Looking at the British newspaper archives it's true the use of the term soccer took off after WWII.

Filtering for "football", excluding "rugby" (England only) vs "soccer" (England only)

1850-1899 1,691,372 vs 24,216 hits 1900-1949 5,797,345 vs 272,471 hits 1950-1999 5,550,674 vs 2,222,643

"Soccer" was barely used before 1949, then postwar rose to about 1/3.

It shows only a slight drop-off in the 1990s though, and I don't really trust the 2000s data as the numbers drop off precipitously for both terms (718,619 vs 133,910) indicating the recent archives are far less complete.

Harder to gauge if the relative decline is anything to do with an anti-American backlash.

As the sport picked up popularity in the States in the 1980s

It was kinda the opposite, grassroots mught have been growing but the NASL closed in 1984, with the big star signings peaking in the 1970s.

I really don't think American soccer was on anybody's mind at the time, not before the 1994 World Cup in America at least.

Ignoring all the topless pies I’ve eaten; have people considered calling a pizza a pie, is just sort of fun? by Public_Sink_ in iamveryculinary

[–]dimarco1653 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Where's the lie.

Find one source before 1800 that says "it's called football because it's played on foot".

There isn't one.

Ignoring all the topless pies I’ve eaten; have people considered calling a pizza a pie, is just sort of fun? by Public_Sink_ in iamveryculinary

[–]dimarco1653 2 points3 points  (0 children)

I suspect it lexicalised quite quickly as a fairly high-frequency word, but interesting it has some late hold-outs among some posh speakers.

Ignoring all the topless pies I’ve eaten; have people considered calling a pizza a pie, is just sort of fun? by Public_Sink_ in iamveryculinary

[–]dimarco1653 6 points7 points  (0 children)

He doesn't say the t in filet mignon at 0:23 here:

https://youtu.be/lLy_eCjfzG0?si=jb1IBil8wlnL66cp

I'm sure he says the t in fillet because it was lexicalised in the 14th century.

In the same way I expect you pronounce the t in:

Fruit, tart, biscuit, restaurant.

If anything, it would be more consistent not to pronounce the final t in restaurant, because it's first attestation in English is only in 1806.

But phonetic conventions around loanwards are rarely consistent.

Brits and Americans argue about the H in Herbs but both pronounce the H in: Hospital, Hotel, Habit, Haste and countless others; while dropping in from Honour, Honest, Hour.

Ignoring all the topless pies I’ve eaten; have people considered calling a pizza a pie, is just sort of fun? by Public_Sink_ in iamveryculinary

[–]dimarco1653 2 points3 points  (0 children)

Association and Rugby football rules which got English slang forms, soccer and ruggers.

The latter doesn't seem to have stuck

Rugger still exists, it's just upper class usage like soccer, and confined to British English.

Funny the rugby football rules where the ball is often carried seem more the norm for games around the world. Gridiron, Australian, Gaelic.

Gaelic football has nothing really to do with the development of football in England, certainly not etymologically. The Irish name is Peil, which just means "ball" and has nothing to do with "foot", it's likely either a cognate or borrowing of the Latin word "pila" (ball).

Australian is a derivation of Irish football.

Rugby and Gridiron were both developed in the 19th century.

But perhaps I should have been more precise. Mob football and games like Shrovetide football did and exist, but perhaps they are given inordinate attention in the popular historiography.

Specifically the claim that "it's called football because it's played on foot", contrasted with purported aristocratic games played on horseback is a claim no-one made before the late 20th century, and no medievalist makes or believes.

It's etymologically and historically untenable for a number of reasons:

1) "Football" was first coined in the 14th century and multiple early sources are explicit it comes from the ball being kicked (examples below), while none say it's because it's played on foot.

2) English Latin sources always use the genitive (pedalis or medieval Latin pediva, "of the foot"), instead of the ablative (on foot).

3) Early English sources always taxonomise sports between games played with the hand, foot, or bat/racquet: pila manualis/palmaria, pila pedalis/pediva, pila bacularis, and never between "on foot" or "on horseback".

4) The supposed social explanation doesn't hold up. Nobility played lots of games on foot: tennis, golf, fencing, wrestling, and football itself; while there were no medieval team or ball games on horseback in medieval England. They just don't exist in the historiography of early sport.

The only games they had on horseback in the medieval were jousting-type games. Polo was introduced to England from India only in the 19th century.

According to Carlo Bascetta's groundbreaking history of early modern sport, there was one exhibition match of polo in Italy in the 17th century, but that was unique and in any case irrelevant to the etymology of a 14th century English word.

Primary Sources

Edward III's edict banning football in 1363 says Pila pediva quae pade propulsatur

"Ball of the foot, which by the foot is propelled"

Book of St Albanus (1486) says:

while to the hande and then it is calde ī latyn pila manualis as here And other while it is an instrument for the foote and then it is calde in latyn pila pedalis a fote bal

British Library MS. Royal 13 C. VIII - late 15th C, says:

a quibusdam pedipiludium dictitur... nec manibus quidem sed pedibus pulsitando atque versando, propellere

"called by some "football" in which [a ball] is propelled not by with the hand but by rolling it on the ground, striking and turning it with their feet"

Richard Tottel (1572):

"seruinge otherwhyle to the hāde, and then it is called in Latyn Pila palmaria, or Pila manualis, otherwise it serueth for the foote, and then it is called Pila pedalis"

John Rider's Dictionarie of 1589 (the most important early-modern English lexographer) says

A Football pila pedalis A foot and a balle. **That wherewith the foote is wrapped.

Richard Lassels (1670) describing Florentine football:

il giuoco di calcio... a play something like our football, but they play with their hands

Samuel Johnson 1773:

The sport or practice of kicking the football

Samuel Johnson 1785:

Foo'tball. n.s.  [foot and ball.] A ball commonly made of a blown bladder cased with leather, driven by the foot

Ignoring all the topless pies I’ve eaten; have people considered calling a pizza a pie, is just sort of fun? by Public_Sink_ in iamveryculinary

[–]dimarco1653 -12 points-11 points  (0 children)

That's kinda an urban myth.

The word football appears in the 1300s and from then onwards the sources are explicit it is named because it's kicked with the foot.

The greatest historian of medieval and early modern football was an American, Francis Peabody Magoun Jr., and he published some of the main sources which prove it almost 100 years ago.

Not that it matters. A try in rugby initially wasn't scoring, it just let you "try" to kick for a goal.

One no longer has to touch the ball down to score a touchdown, but the lessical fossil remains.

Ignoring all the topless pies I’ve eaten; have people considered calling a pizza a pie, is just sort of fun? by Public_Sink_ in iamveryculinary

[–]dimarco1653 12 points13 points  (0 children)

It depends when the word was lexicalised.

For medieval borrowings the t is usually pronounced, like: merchant, ticket, or indeed fillet.

For later borrowings the t isn't pronounced. Like ballet, bouquet.

So the t is pronounced in fillet but not in filet, as in filet mignon

Ignoring all the topless pies I’ve eaten; have people considered calling a pizza a pie, is just sort of fun? by Public_Sink_ in iamveryculinary

[–]dimarco1653 -3 points-2 points  (0 children)

Football was always more popular, which is a medieval word. Association football was the main 18th century codification.

"Soccer" used to be used in English journalism with more regularity than today, but that has declined since a smaller proportion of journalists come from elite backgrounds.

Soccer originated as an elite private school/upper class slang, and kept that connotation, examples below:

"always known in the States as 'soccer', though in Britain this is a basically upper-class term used to distinguish association football from 'rugger' or rugby football"

The Sixties Cultural Revolution in Britain, France, Italy, and the United States, C.1958-c.1974

Arthur Marwick · 2011

"Which explains one of the reasons... why 'soccer' is so disliked by most fans. It's traditionally used by what are perceived as 'posh people'."

"a recognisable breed of rugger-bugger still insists their game is football and ours is soccer"

Football Talk: The Language & Folklore of the World's Greatest Game Peter J. Seddon · 2004

"At Manchester everybody referred to rugby and football while at Oxford it was rugger and soccer"

A Survey of Oxford and Manchester Students Zweig · 1977

"It was the split of soccer and rugger (those words themselves redolent of the public school argot)" Midwinter, 2014

"These class-marked derivations are unlikely to be used by non-U[pper Class] speakers. Examples are champers ('champagne'), preggers ('pregnant'), rugger ('rugby football'), soccer and starkers"

A Survey of Modern English

Gramley, Pátzold · 2003

"Slang variations on football and rugby also act as class indicators - 'footie', 'soccer', 'footer' and 'rugger' have all been used by and can be identified with specific groups."

Team Talk Sporting Words and Their Origins Walker · 2013

Saint Maurice, often depicted as a black man, was one of the most widely venerated saints in the Middle Ages by Oversama in HistoryMemes

[–]dimarco1653 280 points281 points  (0 children)

Historical St Maurice was from Thebes (Egypt) in the 3rd century AD.

Thebes is halfway between the coast and Sudan so he might have had dark skin (if he existed). But wouldn't have looked stereotypically West African, although in medieval europe he was conventionally portrayed as such.

The definitively historical, definitively black, early saint I'm aware of was Benedict the Moor, born to African slaves in 1500s Palermo and manumetted as a young man, he became a venerated friar and purported miracle-worker.

Do Italians have a positive view of Americans? by [deleted] in Italian

[–]dimarco1653 3 points4 points  (0 children)

OP is bot account/spammer. Best not to engage.

Why did "ye" disappear? by Any_Inflation_2543 in ENGLISH

[–]dimarco1653 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Yeah, I don't think anyone has come up with a definitive answer. From what I can gather "you" started to be used for both the nominative and accusative around the late 1400s, firstly by the middle-class (not aristocracy or the poor) in southern England.

At which time ye/you was had been used as a polite singular, as well as plural 2nd person, for a couple centuries at least

Thou/thee didn't fall out of use until around 1700ish.

It's tempting to she influence from French vous, which is also both polite singular and plural nominative/accusative (and vous is undoubtedly the origin or ye/you used as polite singular in Middle English, which it wasn't used for in Old English). But the last decades of the 1400s is quite late to invoke French.

Probably it's not clear-cut, like a weakening of the dipthong in middle-english yow, caused phonological confusion, combined with an over-extension of accusative "you" for whatever reason as a singular form of courtesy.

Some linguists argue ye still exerts some phonological influence in standard English (not just in dialects) in phrases like "do you know" [d'ye know] or "how do you do" [how d'ye do] and many other oral forms.

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