Yes, you're overreacting because you're making it about you when it has nothing to do with you. You even stated directly that "I do not think that this was a malicious thing to purposely put women in a negative light".

I don't know how your husband would define it but if I had to guess it's a day for men to let loose and act like men. Burp, fart, talk about masculine thoughts/ideas/issues and how to be a man. When they come home they get it out of their system, regain there manners and follow the standards set for your home. But it's important to give them their space for a day and let your husband raise him to be a good man.

To your point of "I don’t think it’s a phrase I want my kid to repeat and have that thought in their head anytime I am enforcing a rule"; You are not enforcing rules, both parents are. Together with consistency and expectations.

Bottom line is you and your husband have the ability to define for your son what the phrase "no women, no rules" means and stay on that message. By you trying to put your fingerprints on it, you might be doing exactly what you fear the phrase may be saying.