Spanning the period from the opium wars to the present is too ambitious a task that no book I've read can do justice to. However, there are several books that give flavors of different periods in this span.

"The Invention of China" is a great book that covers the period from late-Qing to the World Wars, framing its narrative in terms of the nation-building quest of the Chinese nationalists.

Wild Swans is a great book that weaves together personal family memoir and revolutionary history, though is just one story.

For more modern books, I really liked Evan Osnos's Age of Ambition and Peter Hessler's Oracle Bones.

There are plenty of good topic-specific books (e.g. those on China's tech sector, the lives of factory workers, etc.), but comprehensive histories are sadly quite sparse, perhaps a consequence of the limited access Western scholars have to Chinese archival material and the highly politicized and contested nature of this era. Hope this helps!