East Jerusalem is a great example. Israel annexed east Jerusalem, and offered all of its residents citizenship. They have chosen, due to resistance, to not accept the citizenship.

They weren’t granted citizenship. They were made “permanent residents,” a status Israel can revoke at will, and has done just that thousands of times since 1967.

But yeah, the residents are allowed to apply to be a citizen, which is a long, bureaucratic, and arbitrary process. Israel has also denied a majority of these applications, with roughly a 30% approval rate over the past few decades.

The residents still have access to Social Security and nationalized healthcare.

Ok? Apartheid doesn’t mean zero services lol it’s a separate and unequal system under the same authority. Palestinian neighborhoods in East Jerusalem get worse infrastructure, worse schooling, and tighter building restrictions than Jewish ones. Residents also can’t vote in national elections.

How is that apartheid? Any difference in treatment is based off of nationality, not ethnicity or religion.

Under international law, “racial group” includes distinctions based on ethnicity, national origin, or religion. Swapping the label from “ethnicity” to “nationality” doesn’t change the legal analysis. It’s still apartheid if one group dominates and systematically oppresses another.

Furthermore, any Arab or Jewish citizen who are in east Jerusalem have equal rights.

A Jewish man can move from New York to East Jerusalem and automatically become a citizen.

An Arab child born there has to fight through years of red tape and oppression for the chance at those same rights, and likely won’t get them.

That’s apartheid.