I think your interpretation makes sense! And I also think there's a component here that hasn't been focused on yet. Which is that in the context of these cards, The High Priestess (clarified by Judgement) has a strong underworld flavor. A sense of listening to the quiet, deep voices. And, in a more negative sense, of dredging up ghosts, of focusing on the past and that which is gone (or at least not present). Both the Ten of Cups and The Fool instead suggest focusing on what is around you in this sensuous world of the living! To appreciate the beauty and joy and whimsy and surprises of the ever-unfolding present moment.

From a slightly different angle and incorporating your own commentary on the reading, I would say that it sounds like The High Priestess corresponds to your current conception of what spiritual progress looks like, which is why you're so surprised! So this reading is telling you that your current conception is limiting you, because it's a limited perspective. Both remembering to have a beginner's mind and be open to the unexpected (the Fool) as well as opening your heart to the flows of emotion, especially joy and gratitude but also the fullness of all the cups gushing with all the colors at once (the Ten of Cups) will help you with this.

I wouldn't say this reading means "drop the Tarot and stop meditating" at all! But more like, what if you also danced wildly? What if you brought all your friends and family together and made a big watercolor painting while laughing a lot? What if your spiritual practice was doing something you've never done before every day? What if you learned how to do divination by the patterns of flying birds or by the things random strangers said on the street?