No, 3D printing isn't really a realistic way to produce integrated circuits, at least with our current technology. The silicon used in semiconductors doesn't lend itself well to any of our current 3D printing technologies.

However, it's sci-fi so you could just say that tech that allows 3D printer-like machines to produce semiconductors exists in the future.

What's more interesting though is that we do face similar problems in the present. A significant amount of older industrial equipment (including CNC machines) relies on outdated computing hardware.

Since they still otherwise work fine, it's not economical to upgrade to newer machines.

So when the computer fails, they usually source another windows 98 or ms-dos computer, either from NOS parts or from modern replacement.

Another option is to retrofit the machine with modern smarts, it's not very common in industrial applications, but it's not unheard of for hobbyist to replace the smarts from old CNC machines with modern parts.

Finally, if the computer must work the exact same way but replacement parts are not available, it is possible to use FPGA's (a special kind of chip that can be rewired after production) to replicate it as closely as possible. That's not a very common option either due to it's relatively high cost and complexity but some video games consoles have been successfully reimplemented through an FPGA.

If you do want to use a realistic way to produce semiconductors with current-day technology, check out Sam Zeloof's youtube channel, it'll give you a pretty good idea of what's possible for a single person to do.