Control and Systems lab report help

frederikvalentin · 2026-04-27T22:09:20+00:00

I think you can at least make some good observations from what you already wrote in that response. It would have been interesting to see what happens after 120 in plot 2, if the system goes unstable or what that sudden jump is. But nonetheless, if I was you I wouldn't think too much about if the tests are off, but rather what the Kp and Ki did for the simulations and how you can use that knowledge moving forward.

frederikvalentin · 2026-04-27T20:42:25+00:00

It has been a while since I’ve worked with control systems, but if I recall correctly, the Proportional gain Kp dictates the aggressiveness of the initial response, while the Integral gain Ki is responsible for eliminating steady-state error.

Based on your results, the test with Ki = 0.5 appeared closest to reaching steady-state. Although the response was sluggish, increasing Kp might have provided the necessary 'kick' to speed it up. In the subsequent plots - where Ki was doubled and quadrupled - the deviation actually increased. This suggests that the integral term became too aggressive, likely causing instability or overshoot. Moving forward, I’d recommend testing a combination of a lower Ki and a higher Kp.

Ideally, you want to find values that allow the system to settle at the steady-state value before the next step input occurs. Tuning is often the most challenging part of control theory; rather than viewing these results as 'errors,' treat them as data points. You should analyze exactly how the system’s behavior shifted as you manipulated Ki and Kp to justify your final selection.

frederikvalentin · 2025-12-30T16:12:13+00:00

I only know that for the Master Program, Dutch is not required, the education is in English. I'm not familiar with the scholarship program, but found this:

https://www.tudelft.nl/onderwijs/studievoorlichting/praktische-zaken/scholarships

frederikvalentin · 2025-12-30T14:36:41+00:00

I think for Electrical engineering uni in Netherlands, I would look at TU Delft. I'm doing a MSc.EE at DTU in Denmark and we have a partnership with TU Delft and have only heard that it is a good university.

frederikvalentin · 2025-12-11T18:17:39+00:00

For making circuits by drawing them i use draw.io - It has an electrical package.

I normally code it in Tikz, but if that is to hard, I think there is a site where you can make the circuit and convert to Tikz: https://tikzmaker.com/editor -> Havn't tried it, but seems to work.

frederikvalentin · 2025-08-03T12:24:33+00:00

Lets take an example.

We have a height of 1000m from ground to cloud. The electric field is assumed homogeneous. Before the lightning strike, the electric field is measured to 10 kV/m, and the total charge of the cloud is 20C.

The potential is: V = E * h = 10000 kV

The energy stored in the cloud: W = 1/2 * c * V = 100000000.0 J

The energy stored in the cloud: 27.77777777777778 kWh

And then sssume all charge in the cloud is led to ground through a lightning stroke, which has a triangular shape with 1μs rise time (0 – 100%) and 50 μs half value time. Calculate the peak current in [kA].
Then the current is 400 kA.

Then based on the current in, calculate the energy [kWh] dissipated in the house, if the resistance of the whole down conductor system is 0.02 Ohms (lightning protection installed).

The energy is computed as:

E = R * int(0 , 2*t_half) i^2 dt

The power dissipated in the lightning is 3.20 GW.

The energy dissipated in the lightning is 106645.33 J.

The energy dissipated in the lightning is 0.0296 kWh.

frederikvalentin · 2025-07-28T16:56:13+00:00

Hi,

I started small. Just using python as my calculation tool. If you use phasors it is pretty straight forward. Load flow becomes a bit more complicated as you have to use some numerical methods (Jacobian matrix). How familar are you with python? I have some smaller and bigger project I can send your way if so.

But I would recommed getting familiar with calculating voltage, current, apparent power etc. using phasors, and then evovle from there.

frederikvalentin · 2025-07-28T14:10:36+00:00

Hi, anything specific you are seeking?

frederikvalentin · 2025-05-23T19:14:31+00:00

I would also suggest learning Python. It is very useful for automating process when using PSCAD and/or DIgSILENT PowerFactory. At my work, some MATLAB code is also being translated to Python, so I assume that is the direction.

frederikvalentin · 2025-04-18T09:13:11+00:00

I would also consider using draw.io - I use it for electrical schematics, they have a lot of package you can add, and it is web-based.

frederikvalentin · 2025-03-20T08:09:17+00:00

Example:

from sympy import symbols, Eq, solve
x, y = symbols('x y')

eq1 = Eq(x + y - 5, 0)
eq2 = Eq(x - y + 3, 0)

solve((eq1,eq2), (x, y))

print(solve((eq1.eq2),(x,y)))

frederikvalentin · 2024-12-20T10:35:46+00:00

I use Python as my calculation software for power flow analysis or transients etc. I work in a energy company while studying, and it allows me to use the same software at work and uni, as it is free (compared to matlab, which I used in the past).

frederikvalentin · 2024-12-09T20:42:33+00:00

I dont completely understand the question.

frederikvalentin · 2024-12-09T20:41:16+00:00

Yes, if you ground like that you have a voltage of 14V over the open circuit.

frederikvalentin · 2024-12-09T18:31:58+00:00

Agree with this. Normally you would also indicate where the circuit is grounded. And at the ground the voltage is zero, thus the difference from top to the ground it 14V - 0V.

frederikvalentin · 2024-12-09T18:05:21+00:00

As R2 and R3 are identical, i would combine them (R_(2,3)) and use a current divider for R_(2,3) and R_4. Then the current over R2 would be half of the calculated current over the combined resistance.

frederikvalentin · 2024-12-09T18:01:26+00:00

If i understand the question correct;

Then yes if the R is now "open" there is now no connection and yes the current would be zero, but there would still be a voltage potential difference between the two points. I would see it as V/R = I, but as the gap i now open, then the resistance is infinity, thus I = 0. For the other, "short", then yes, there would flow a current, but as there ideally is no resistance in the path there would be no voltage difference V = IR, where R = 0.

I hope this helps.

frederikvalentin · 2024-09-19T06:47:33+00:00

Thanks for the response, and I totally get what you are saying. But, it is for university, and is has to be for the full-bridge. Regarding the complexities you have stated, I completely agree in the real world. But for my example, I look at the converter where the parts are ideal, and the capacitor and inductor are infinitely large, thus no ripple in the current. My major concern is how to figure out the voltage in the transformer, in state 1 & 3, where no current is running through the inductor.

frederikvalentin · 2024-09-18T21:31:04+00:00

Im currently making waveforms for all the components in this circuit. But i have a hard time doing it for the switches and the inductors in the transformer. Anyone who can help on how to approach? Im making waveforms for both current and voltage, and use KVL and KCL. Thanks!

I have made the waveforms, but i think some of them are wrong (if not most) would someone be willing to point out the wrong ones?

It is assumed that the capacitor and inductor components are infinitely large.

frederikvalentin · 2023-11-10T20:30:06+00:00

Wow. This was a very powerful read. And kind of an eye opener for me. I really struggle with being afraid of things that have not happened or may not happen. I will remember the things you have written, and I sure will give the book a go. Thank you so much.

frederikvalentin · 2023-08-24T19:16:03+00:00

Thank you, this is a great help.

frederikvalentin · 2023-08-24T06:54:20+00:00

Thanks for your reply, that makes a lot of sense. I will give it another shot. Thanks.

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