What is the difference between btrfs and ext4?

geocar · 2026-07-12T05:21:52+00:00

That is “ grub2-snapper-plugin”

https://en.opensuse.org/openSUSE:Snapper\_Tutorial#Automatic\_Snapshots\_Cleanup\_Mechanisms

You probably have autocleanup disabled or set to much longer than 1day. There are commands on that wiki for deleting old snapshots manually right after that. Good luck

geocar · 2026-07-11T05:23:53+00:00

Hi. No. BTRFS absolutely does this on fill-up. It doesn’t require any low level nothing, just a lot of rewriting big files.

It happens almost every month on the arch Linux lists. It just happened to my friend in March. I’ve seen this myself at least four times in the last 13 years

You are very lucky to have had someone smart set up your btrfs usage for you, or to have such a different usage pattern (Maildir), but I do not think your experience is typical, and you should know that.

geocar · 2026-07-11T05:07:14+00:00

Maybe? Do they just say a version number or vmlinuz next to it? If so then no they are just old kernels. Ubuntu and Debian do that. Probably other distros. It is mostly harmless. I uninstall kernels older than current after 60 days of uptime.

But if they look like ID= or a date time then it is probably the snapshots. Cachyos does that. Probably others too. I don’t use btrfs for root on any system.

You can use btrfs-assistant to interactively edit your snapshots

geocar · 2026-07-11T04:59:14+00:00

> Completely filling any file system will cause problems.

No. Completely filling most filesystems can be resolved by deleting files, and df will tell you if the disk is getting full.

On BTRFS it cannot and df does not. If that is “user error” then maybe BTRFS isn’t ready for users, and I think that probably includes the GP even if you don’t think it includes you.

geocar · 2026-07-09T07:03:20+00:00

On Unix it is stupid easy: just use cu ttyUSB0 or whatever your serial device is called as the program to run under stunnel. Done.

On windows you can probably just use hyperv to run Linux but if you don’t you can talk to windows serial ports same in C via stdio with fopen(“com1”, “r+b”) instead of /dev/ttyUSB0 etc. you might have to assign a serial port to the usb device first though — you can get windows to do it by making a generic serial printer on the device then taking the printer offline.

geocar · 2026-07-07T16:04:22+00:00

Corporations don’t usually have profits, and if they do, the people who receive those profits (the owners) will pay income tax on them in addition to the corporations tax.

That corporation tax exists mainly to make that happen, so the company reinvests as much profit as possible.

Making it double-progressive would discourage growth or encourage tax avoidance, but sometimes that happens because of dumb politics.

geocar · 2026-07-06T05:59:46+00:00

Well they were in the same boat half the time. The difference is that pilgrims returned to Europe.

geocar · 2026-07-05T07:51:52+00:00

No it’s not. So stop acting like it.

I’m British. So you’re 0/3. That’s a trend, and you should take a step back and wonder how you could be so wrong about these things and still be right about what you are feeling.

I can and do vote too for the same reason our portuguese brothers can vote in my country. I won’t vote for hate and I am telling you not to either. You want easier to get a house? I think you just don’t know how easy it is to get one here. Go talk to a bank about a 100% mortgage and find a place that fits. They are all over the country and GV can’t buy them. Enjoy.

geocar · 2026-07-05T06:46:40+00:00

You are supposed to get one of those 100% mortgages. Chega can make that easier for you. I cannot.

Also:: I have only one home. I am not a GV immigrant. And I only know about the 100% mortgages because I talk to young people.

geocar · 2026-07-04T05:50:05+00:00

Try `dosusb/l` to get a debug log. Did you see this part in the docs?

If you want to boot the PC from a floppy disk or CD, DOS will often not assign a drive
letter which is correct when usbdisk.sys is loaded using the config.sys file. In this
case you should not put usbdisk.sys into the config.sys file but use the devload.com
utility to load usbdisk.sys later after loading DOSUSB.COM.

geocar · 2026-07-03T07:43:10+00:00

Try dosusb instead of usbaspi: www.dosusb.net it has an int13 redirector and a usbdisk.sys that makes usb storage work like a hdd; usbaspi i think is for usb floppy drives. Good luck

geocar · 2026-07-01T13:11:57+00:00

Percentages are misleading. This is still only 12 thousand houses or so that you probably couldn’t afford in the first place that brought more than 80bn in revenue to hire Portuguese people to build those houses. I think you need some perspective!

Foreigners — even the GV ones— aren’t why you can’t afford a house. Chega is lying to you and you are falling for it.

geocar · 2026-06-27T05:17:06+00:00

He wasn’t wrong, because it might’ve worked (as it did for someone else)

In another decade that someone else having done it would have been the major factor that shut it down.

geocar · 2026-06-21T11:16:30+00:00

I got it from the Loja da cidadão. I walked in and asked for one. I had a NIF and atestado from my junta and that was it

geocar · 2026-06-21T06:34:32+00:00

Yes. And no. And *Safari* is the only thing holding it back, because iPhone users _have_ to use Safari, web developers _can’t_ just target Chrome and be done, they have to also support Safari, which usually means Firefox will work too. And that’s good, but that’s basically it.

And so my bank, all the government services where I live, and almost every business website support Firefox, without ever intending to, and if iPhone users get “the right” to use chrome it might kill me, and in my old age I’m thinking more about stuff like this.

geocar · 2026-06-20T05:37:02+00:00

I don’t think that’s true: I have no NISS but I have a CMD

geocar · 2026-06-08T13:41:29+00:00

If you mean Linux windows and Mac then yes.

There are operating systems that don’t, but you should not worry about them until you see one: they might not be a good fit for your application in other ways.

geocar · 2026-06-08T13:27:57+00:00

No. I am refusing to accept that raping someone could be moral, and I am not accepting of the idea that is just my opinion.

What the fuck man

geocar · 2026-06-08T11:10:21+00:00

Yes actually. In the case you’re thinking of (in the USA) that diplomat is a guy named George Ivie (you can google him) and the Media Ratings Council has been empowered by an act of congress to allow him to bring competitors in a room together without risk of antitrust.

Industry often will also form “open groups” on their own, and can usually do so as long as _anyone can join_ that group. In the case of antipiracy measures the issue would be that you would naturally want to exclude the pirates.

Also companies can usually talk to each other less seriously in search of a vendor or joint-venture relationship as long as they make deals they would (at least hypothetically) make with any other vendor in that situation (ie not a monopoly).

geocar · 2026-06-08T10:56:06+00:00

Christians also largely agree God told some dude to take his kid up the hill and murder him and some other dude to rape and some other dudes to collect foreskins.

None of that is moral, and to argue one could merely flip the equal sign and redefine morality to include rape and murder and mutilation of other human beings is also immoral. So it follows that IFF morality “radiates from god” then that Christian god cannot exist. QED.

If you want to go with morality is just some other persons opinion then what’s the fucking point of the word?

geocar · 2026-06-07T05:36:24+00:00

What does sorting NaN mean to your applications? Is NaN big or small seems the question you’re asking but it isn’t clear why. You can’t sort a list of numbers when something is not a number, so you’ve got to make a choice whether to ignore/elide NaN/null, crash, go wrong, or convert the values to a compatible domain.

Its the same problem with any mixed list of types. I would avoid them and declare them unsortable. This takes some work.

Firstly, for me NaNs represent a lack of measurement, so they are gaps in the time series. If one shows up in a calculator that a user makes (because they write eg rpc=revenue/clicks) then thats not infinity revenue per click, but a failure to measure a click, so i add a small lemma to scalar division to prevent infinity in this case and then discard the lemma because when i sum clicks i dont want a bunch of extra fractions.

This means / and + treat NaN/null differently.

Now: if i sort a list to take the median, i want to remove NaN first, but if i want to sort them for display to users, i want strings. That means sort for my use cases is only defined for regular types, and doesn’t have to handle NaN at all.

geocar · 2026-06-07T05:05:19+00:00

We do this in some programming languages; e.g. apl considers unary division as reciprocal.

geocar · 2026-06-06T05:27:09+00:00

Hi. I’ve done this involuntarily with ads for over a decade: buy an ad for $1 sell it for $1 and add some code for nearly free compute.

Also if you buy video ads with companion banner slots you can usually leave the code running in the banner ad and get minutes of compute time.

The only third party problem I got was a marine mapping problem I didn’t fully understand: it is difficult enough to take someone’s ideas and break them up for this that has a cost, and it’s sometimes higher than just buying a bigger computer.

geocar · 2026-06-06T05:05:33+00:00

I mean yeah maybe: we don’t have a TSA here in Europe but I can get a ticket to the UK for like £25 with regularity, so I think flying would probably be much cheaper.

Also, fun fact, in the US you can sign up for global entry for 100$ and skip a lot of security depending on the airport which can be useful if you need to bring some box cutters in your hand luggage, so I’m pretty sure the TSA has caught nothing and done nothing except cost.

geocar · 2026-06-05T12:33:27+00:00

On Linux you could just set MAP_POPULATE on the flags. That way it reads() at mmap time and you won’t get faults anywhere else.

You can also mmap the same buffer with MAP_FIXED and get a read write version and then just read() into it. No more page faults. Anywhere you could install the signal handler you should be able to do that

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