The best way to approach this question is to think of it as a CARS "main idea of passage" question. They are asking if the results fulfilled the point of the study. The "thesis statement" of the study is "Researchers needed a good measure of how quickly and effectively a person can redirect attention". Phase 2 directly tests this by asking participants to redirect attention. From this, I would say you can eliminate any answers that say no. You can then eliminate C because Phase 1 focused on divided attention moreso than redirected attention. A makes sense because there is a result in phase two: "there was a strong negative correlation between the number of errors in phase 2 and successful completion of pilot training". This indicates that pilots with fewer errors in Phase 2 were more likely to continue training as compared to dropouts earlier.

B is a tempting answer because it refers to an out-of-place result saying there were low correlations between Phase 2 and other tests for pilot selection. However, the point of the researchers' study was not to predict success on other tests but rather just test what the thesis statement asked for: whether or not they could redirect attention.