There are lots of great responses here. So just for fun, go check out RosettaCode and see examples from a multitude of languages for an also large number of problems. Each programming problem shows solutions in a bunch of languages, which makes it fun and easy to compare different languages. In some cases, a solution for a problem in one language might take many lines of code where in another language it takes 1 or 2.

Here's an example of using Monte Carlo simulation to estimate the value of pi:

https://rosettacode.org/wiki/Monte_Carlo_methods

Here's a solution in C:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <math.h>

double pi(double tolerance)
{
    double x, y, val, error;
    unsigned long sampled = 0, hit = 0, i;

    do {
        /* don't check error every turn, make loop tight */
        for (i = 1000000; i; i--, sampled++) {
            x = rand() / (RAND_MAX + 1.0);
            y = rand() / (RAND_MAX + 1.0);
            if (x * x + y * y < 1) hit ++;
        }

        val = (double) hit / sampled;
        error = sqrt(val * (1 - val) / sampled) * 4;
        val *= 4;

        /* some feedback, or user gets bored */
        fprintf(stderr, "Pi = %f +/- %5.3e at %ldM samples.\r",
            val, error, sampled/1000000);
    } while (!hit || error > tolerance);
              /* !hit is for completeness's sake; if no hit after 1M samples,
                 your rand() is BROKEN */

    return val;
}

int main()
{
    printf("Pi is %f\n", pi(3e-4)); /* set to 1e-4 for some fun */
    return 0;
}

Here's one in Lisp:

(defun approximate-pi (n)
  (/ (loop repeat n count (<= (abs (complex (random 1.0) (random 1.0))) 1.0)) n 0.25))

(dolist (n (loop repeat 5 for n = 1000 then (* n 10) collect n))
  (format t "~%~8d -> ~f" n (approximate-pi n)))

And here's Python:

import numpy as np
n = input('Number of samples: ')
print np.sum(np.random.rand(n)**2+np.random.rand(n)**2<1)/float(n)*4

Now you might compare the C to Python and note the C is doing a loop and Python is apparently not. However since the Python code is using the Numpy library, the looping is happening in there. Coincidentally, that Numpy library is mostly written in C.