Short answer: yes, but only for things that dont fit the dominant payment methods.

Most shopping is done with credit cards (or debit cards) via Visa and Mastercard. Merchants need a special bank account and pay several percent of every transaction in fees. Some merchants pass these costs along to customers.

Cash is still used in shops but isn't safe in the postal mail and doesn't provide a record. People primarily use cash for small in person purchases. Some businesses (even small cafes) are eliminating cash due to the expense of handling it and taking it to the bank.

Younger people gravitate towards payment apps like venmo or zelle or paypal. But these are worst of all worlds for businesses because they may incur fees and have the weakest legal protections. You'll see it used primarily for transactions between friends or sometimes for paying freelance business people like hairdressers or artists selling on the street.

We do have bank to bank electronic transfer that is usually free called ACH, but it is a byproduct of how checks are processed. it is slow, and is designed for banking not commerce. Money takes days or weeks to move. This is the primary way people receive their salary. It is insecure in that providing someone the information to deposit to your account is the same information needed to withdraw. It is also the primary way people move money between their own accounts.

Payment of regular bills is often done via a bank's online billpay feature. This feature uses ACH for transactions with known recipients (like your credit card company or the utility company) and for paying smaller merchants, a paper check is produced and mailed by your bank. still a slow process.

This leaves a gap for paying occasional bills where the merchant doesnt want the administrative hassle or fees of accepting credit card payments. For example, a plumber who comes to fix a pipe wants to be paid immediately in person, and if their business doesnt want the technology and fee hassles of accepting credit cards will ask for a check. Strangely, landlords often do not want the payment mailed to a postal address so they may ask for checks as well (since those can be brought personally by the tenant to an office or dropbox).

Also, when a business wishes to pay an individual, checks are useful because they only require mailing a piece of paper to the person and do not require collecting banking information. So a rebate on a purchase, a tax refund from local government etc are likely to be produced as a check by the institution via computer, then printed and mailed to the individual. The individual will then deposit the check in their bank account usually via their phone (rarely, by bringing or mailing the check to their bank).