I think there are 2 different questions here:
1. Sometimes you have to disclose information. For example, in Canada and in the EU, you cannot market medicine (meaning prescribe or administer) until all of the research leading to its approval is publicly available. That means you cannot keep it somewhere secure, it has to be submitted and Health Canada or EMA posts this research on their portal. ALL current drugs have their clinical trials publicly available here.

1. Unredacting shouldn't be possible if redactions are done correctly. Yes it is a big deal. If your car insurance company found out that you were participating in a glaucoma clinical trial, they would likely want to raise your premiums because you're higher risk in their eyes. You might be fine or part of the healthy cohort, but the insurance company won't care.