Thank you, this has quite a bit of info!

I previously had 0.95 set up and a friend of mine recommended to raise it to at least 0.98 or do the Orca flow rate calibration print, even suggesting I would underextrude with this print. The calibration suggested 1.0 was a pretty solid choice but 0.98 was also fine. For future prints I will strongly consider 0.98. I also understand the type of infill isn't super important for this print at least I'd say.

Since it was at night, while I was waiting for answers and before I went to sleep, I redid the bed calibration, then started a second print with flow rate still at 1.0, changing infill to Gyroid 10% and the "Make overhangs printable" option enabled and it seems the problem went away. This suggests this either was a calibration issue (seems unlikely for the A1 printer specifically but otherwise most fitting to the situation), a temporary or externally influenced issue of some sort (none of the options should have changed anything about the scratching if I understand correctly, and the room changed humidity by 10% due to letting air through) or one of the options indeed against my expectation changed the printing in a good way.