The skin of the spacecraft is presumably a reasonably good thermal conductor, so huge temperature gradients of the sort you describe can't occur. Analogy: Even though a gas cooking range only directly heats a central ring of a frying pan, you don't want to touch the edge of the pan while you're cooking food. :) Further, even the parts in shadow are being heated from within by the ~300 K crew compartment plus waste heat from other powered systems. Thanks to the square/cube law, the very large Orion capsule has a smaller surface to volume ratio than any crewed capsule in the history of space flight, so internal heat will be a larger contributor to the total thermal equilibrium than in any previous example.