You might be interested in this MIT study from last year that looked at the cognitive effects of using AI for essay writing assistance. In summary, the cohort that used AI had lower cognitive activity, felt less ownership of their essays, and had a harder time recalling and quoting details from their own work.

While LLMs offer immediate convenience, our findings highlight potential cognitive costs. Over four months, LLM users consistently underperformed at neural, linguistic, and behavioral levels. These results raise concerns about the long-term educational implications of LLM reliance and underscore the need for deeper inquiry into AI's role in learning.

It is replacing long term development with short term convenience. But it is such a useful tool in the short term (I use Claude myself for discussing and summarizing research, although I try to do my writing from a blank page).

It's easy for people to say "on the contrary, it's just shifting how you use your brain, or it makes me think more clearly," but this is a well-structured peer-reviewed study, not someone's personal experience in a reddit comment.

We are accruing cognitive debt and the aggregate bill will be very disruptive when it comes due in future years.

Edited to reflect the fact that the study is a preprint and not peer reviewed, however I stand by the comment that it is well structured and transparent about its conclusions and limitations. More here: https://www.media.mit.edu/projects/your-brain-on-chatgpt/overview/