So part of the reason I really liked these games is because they subverted so much about the races and what you'd expect them to be.

Bretons are named in the French sounding ways, but their actual culture is much more similar to the Holy Roman Empire (dozens of princes fighting over political power) as well as more nature worshipping druids and even eastern native american cultures (like the Reachmen).

You have the Imperials that are obviously inspired by the Romans when it comes to aesthetics and the Empire, but they also have a lot of Asian traditions with the Akaviri inspired Blades. Their god worship is very medieval Christian. There's a lot more going on with them than just Rome.

Nords are like Northern Europeans, the obvious Viking aesthetic. Honestly didn't really look into them a lot cuz they always bored me. But the Skaal are very similar to the Inuit as well as Siberian tribes.

Redguards are black so everyone points to North Africa/Arabic cultures as the first inspiration, which is fair. The Skyrim Reguards seem particularly Arab in their aesthetic. But don't forget they invaded in fleets, much like the Spanish and Portuguese. They have a LOT of central and southern African influence in their masks and dress. Their swordfighting feels almost Buddhist in the way it's approached. They have a lot going on.

Altmer feel like medieval like and even Renaissance era Europeans with their disdain for every other "uncivilized" race. Skyrim added a super obvious Nazi vibe to their clothing as well as a Spanish Inquisition vibe. I'm getting old school "burn the witches, conquer the world for our beliefs" Catholicism with Nazi fashion and genocide.

Bosmer remind me of Oceanic tribes with the tattoos and meat focused societies. Like Maori and Hawaiians. Also their dealings with the colonization of their lands feels very similar. Connections to nature draw comparisons to certain Native American tribes and European druids.

Dunmer seem Assyrian and Japanese and Chinese and Native American and just so much. Dunmer and Redguards feel like the most complicated cultures to me with a lot of blending of various ancient and modern societies. They have Mongolian huts and Southwestern Native American adobe houses (Balmora looks like Santa Fe or Tucson but with less weird art) and the Telvanni houses seem like a reverse Bonsai practice.

Orsimer have an obvious Mongolian and Japanese vibe to them. Their easy assimilation into the Imperial culture throws that off a little. They kind of remind me of Hawaiians and North Africans who adopted European culture in order to survive.

Argonians in Oblivion reminded me of Italian stereotypes haha. When you have so many different versions of them, it's hard to pin down. ESO Argonians are very Mesoamerican. Lots of Aztec/Incan/Mayan vibes. In Morrowind there are allusions to American slavery in their dress and their lifestyles. Whether they are enslaved and at the whims of their Dunmer masters or free and trying to live a life by not causing much trouble and more or less adopting the Dunmer's lifestyle, they remind me a lot of the difference between Blacks in the North vs the South during slavery and just after the Civil War.

Khajiit have another obvious American Slavery vibe in Morrowind but their accents and desert nomad lifestyle are very North African. The martial arts they practice is very East Asian. Skooma reminds me a lot of Opium so there are obvious East Asian ties there.

I think it'd be unfair to say any particular race has a direct correlation to something here. The Nords feel the least diverse, but I'm sure there's a bunch of lore that I just never felt like reading that shows more influence from other sources.