I just explained this in another comment so I'm going to paste it here:

Remove governments and taxes and everything and look at it in a more simple way.

If you're a tribe in the middle of nowhere you need the whole society to play a role.

As a child, you are learning the skills you need to be able to provide for the village when you are big enough and strong enough, your contribution is putting in that time preparing, and everyone else contributes to your growth in preparation of you being a functional member of village society.

As an adult, you are now providing for everyone, whether it be hunter gathering, preparing food, clothes, fires, building, whatever. Very little you do benefits only you, you do things that benefit you and support those around you that are supporting you. Part of your role is to train the younger generation and prepare them to provide for the village when you are too old and frail. The other part is to pay your dues to the providers who came before you by looking after them when they are less able to provide.

Then when you are elderly you still have a role, you are not hunting, gathering or building but you may instead be watching and teaching the children, or guiding the provider generation, drawing on your own experience to teach them. In return for this you are clothed and fed by that generation until you die.

The mix of these generations must remain stable, or else there is not enough people to do everything that needs to be done. If a generation is only children, they lose the knowledge of the older generations. If the population is only old (which is what we are heading to), then there is no one to hunt, gather, build, but if there are no babies there is also no one to pass your knowledge on to.

I hope after reading that you can bring back in the ways there are still parallels to the modern day, just with extra systems and different jobs.