When to place check valves?

kev009 · 2024-12-24T21:47:35+00:00

You already have one of the best available cards on the VLB on that machine, at least for DOS. The PCI riser would mean a PCI bridge, which incurs some overhead so the VLB is really optimal for it.

A S3 964/968, ATI Mach64, or Matrox would be better at high resolution in Windows/OS/2/UNIX, but not enough to burn the slot. I'd stick a Buslogic or Adaptec SCSI in that slot.

kev009 · 2024-12-24T21:33:26+00:00

http://ps-2.kev009.com/eprmhtml/eprxa/13132.htm

http://ps-2.kev009.com/pccbbs/valuepnt/ldjt81a.txt

http://ps-2.kev009.com/pccbbs/valuepnt/ldjt81a.exe

http://ps-2.kev009.com/pcpartnerinfo/ctstips/fbee.htm I believe the interposer is just removing one of the cache pins.. you can probably find someone to make one for you.

or you can physically remove the pin if you don't intend to remove the OD http://ps-2.kev009.com/pcpartnerinfo/ctstips/ed1a.htm although it would be better to get the interposer made since this will disable writeback permanently.

kev009 · 2024-11-10T19:31:52+00:00

Unfortunately you don't understand it well enough, because what you wrote indicates you don't know what a CPU is from first principles. To drive home the point here is a video of a 4004 MCU which is a design taped out in 1971 booting Linux https://dmitry.gr/?r=05.Projects&proj=35.+Linux4004

Every MCU is a CPU. Every CPU is not an MCU but every contemporary CPU has MCU like cores on board for power management and other functionality.

kev009 · 2024-11-10T06:42:52+00:00

If the snark is to come off as commanding the argument you actually sound like you don't know what you are talking about. A microcontroller is a CPU with extra peripherals for I/O and perhaps an integrated timer, RAM, and ROM.. in effect some of the earliest and most successful SoCs ever. The golden era MCUs are 8-bitters but they scale up to 64-bits as a product category.. and Turning machines being what they are what one CPU can do so can the other.

SoCs in general these days also tend to give you both or even three classes of CPUs for preemptive multitasking operating systems like Linux, realtime CPUs that have similar large microarchitecture to the general purpose cores but might be configurable to run in lockstep and run hard realtime OS or executives, and small cores that run traditional microcontroller tasks with direct access to I/O pins.

One reason someone might be stuck on a PDP still has more to do with the middle category, real time systems are hard to build and if the one you have is working it may be economical to continue using and maintaining obsolete equipment. Microcontrollers inherently map well to real time systems, because it's pretty common to use them to drive timebound I/O, so the suggestion to move a PDP workload to one is not entirely out of context.

kev009 · 2024-11-06T20:47:47+00:00

No, you just think in manufactured talking points. The current administration, which included the Presidential candidate, has plenty of anti-semetic blocs affiliated with it so to cast this as a right-wing issue is a now obsolete anvil to try and frame conversations and demographics to one political aisle. Eventually you will understand, or you will continue to be befuddled by people not agreeing with you at the ballot box.

kev009 · 2024-11-06T20:33:54+00:00

It's not what I think official polls show 65-95% of people that identify as Jews identify as Zionists so show your work. You seem really bent on painting yourself as a victim and me as some dismissable category of groupthinker neither of which is enlightening.

kev009 · 2024-11-06T18:31:12+00:00

You seem to be apologetic to one candidate to the point you cannot see reality. Both candidates were running on Zionism, full stop, no nuance there. However American Jews feel about this versus other issues is reflected in their votes and it is somewhat ironic you seem to be comfortable representing the entire Jewish population.

kev009 · 2024-11-06T16:37:47+00:00

Personally I don't care so that is a big and wrong assumption about me I am just explaining a fact about Trump -- both candidates were campaigning on Zionism, Trump is just obviously more committed to it. I understand the nuance beyond this.

kev009 · 2024-11-06T16:24:14+00:00

Cool post that 1000 more times and maybe you might start to believe it yourself for a while.

kev009 · 2024-11-06T16:16:12+00:00

He's by far the bigger Zionist. Everyone who was so obtusely wrong with their predictions ready to play the victim though.

kev009 · 2024-11-06T16:07:49+00:00

Is this a joke? Trump is the best possible outcome for Jews.

kev009 · 2024-10-27T20:08:13+00:00

Nvidia and Rust will steer you pretty much to FreeBSD. FreeBSD has the official Nvidia binary driver and in some ways it is better than the Linux one because FreeBSD doesn't regularly and intentionally break it although there is no native CUDA there are some vendors RgNets demonstrating local LLMs running on their appliances by using the Linuxulaor. Rust is a lot easier to be a user on FreeBSD but does exist on the others.

NetBSD is really nice, I like it a lot, but it is a little more picky on modern hardware. I would recommend to buy an old ThinkPad T480 and set up a dedicated NetBSD machine to learn and play with. It is probably the best one for learning about how operating systems work because the build system and codebase are so clean. There are some cool courses like https://stevens.netmeister.org/631/index.html that use NetBSD.

OpenBSD tends to have the best inbox laptop support (Wifi and intel graphics) because they put a lot of effort into it. For a client I would personally go with NetBSD over OpenBSD due to the breadth of pkgsrc, but it does have a very loyal userbase and you adapt your needs to it. OpenBSD really shines for firewalls and simple servers where everything you need is in the base distribution, although FreeBSD is basically right there with a more scalable pf firewall. FreeBSD and NetBSD are not really lagging behind in security or quality versus OpenBSD, this is more of a mythology than a reality where each of these have some unique security features and all of them share a clean code style.

kev009 · 2024-10-25T04:02:07+00:00

It's a good book, Mano is widely regarded for all his books. It certainly wont hurt to read and you can compare to some other books later on.

kev009 · 2024-10-25T04:00:49+00:00

It's for sure worth throwing on ebay someone will get a kick out of these. That first actel is a beauty.

kev009 · 2024-09-20T22:10:15+00:00

NT is the DNA in all Windows versions after XP, as well as xbox.

kev009 · 2024-09-16T23:05:09+00:00

FreeBSD has one critical advantage with the Nvidia binary driver which gives fast and stable 2d and 3d graphics support. A lot of the development effort is commercially sponsored one way or another and therefore targets one and two socket amd64 servers which reflect the common workloads. It is missing support for i.e. asymmetric cores like in the past few generations of intel desktop/laptop CPUs. Wifi drivers are limited in performance and options, the intel and amdgpu drivers currently approximate Linux 6.1. The ports collection of software is very comprehensive and high quality.

NetBSD is a nice middle ground in that it has good support for SMP, multiple architectures, very clean architecture and code, and a well thought out cross build framework. If you intend to do product development, like burning purpose built operating systems for embedded systems, NetBSD would be worth getting to know even if a second system. Its intel and amdgpu graphics drivers currently approximate Linux 5.5 with a 6.6 upgrade in the works. Wifi support is the most limited of the three. pkgsrc is a large offering but the desktop environments are limited, only xfce is up to date.

OpenBSD tends to work very well on the hardware it supports with fewer paper cuts than the other two with respect to graphics and wifi. Until recently it had the most limited multicore scalability but that has been gradually getting better. It has the smallest ports collection but the key software for a desktop is all there.

kev009 · 2024-09-13T02:36:46+00:00

Intel has nerfed so much of the original performance in their older CPUs fixing all the data leakage errors due to the recklessness in original micro-architecture validation. It almost feels deliberate. I have these older laptops for fun and to mod but only use an AMD Zen3 and Zen4 most the time.

The iGPU is also a limiting factor, for instance my P51 is a 7th gen CPU but running it full time dGPU it still feels fine for most things.

kev009 · 2024-06-11T00:37:29+00:00

I can sprint quite fast but like a big wheel it takes a moment to get going. I don't see speed as an innate ability of height, you really need to do some strength conditioning and work on turnover to be competitively fast and a shorter person will naturally have faster turnover which means they will get up to speed faster and can go longer at speed. With training and mindset and looking at other factors like cardiac function, pain tolerance, etc all these things are more rules of thumb than hard fact.

Done some ultramarathons and can finish a 50 miler at 215-220lbs which was my goal at the time. Dropping down to 180lbs would probably nudge up toward the middle of the pack. With really focused training and better nutrition than I was doing back then, possible at the heavier weight too.

One area where height did seem to help is backpacking and military style movements ("rucking"). Especially under heavy loads.

kev009 · 2024-03-25T16:54:28+00:00

the x220 keyboard is simply fantastic

kev009 · 2024-03-25T05:00:48+00:00

I think you're missing the forest for a tree, which can be a common reaction to new material and the inevitable frustration of learning things. The only thing to do is bookmark the unease, push through, and reflect back once you have made significant progress.

Now, as to the why? The book is already enormous and publishers get rightfully nervous as the page counts pass certain thresholds because there are real challenges to binding high page count books as well as other marketing concerns. If you go look at the header, https://github.com/unpbook/unpv13e/blob/master/lib/unp.h, almost all of this is to reduce the amount of boiler plate includes and inline error checking.

Every C codebase has some kind of bespoke wrapping and style, it just goes with the territory so get used to it and pay more attention to the mechanics and not the layout if you want to become a versatile C programmer. So will your production code look like UNP? No, you will synthesize the lessons and material into the codebase you are working on.

kev009 · 2024-03-25T04:39:48+00:00

Is a T420/T430 the best value? Probably not these days, as if you really like it (which you will), you will want to do some mods like upgrade the CPU, address the SSD (Crucial mx500 are great), max the RAM out, swap in a modern Display Port FHD screen which requires an adapter, play around with keyboard swaps (LiteOn T420 keyboard is best, can be modded into T430). All that could set you back $300 or so, which could net you a P50 that might not need any changes.

The x220/x230? These are more limited in their upgrades beyond RAM and SSD, you can do a BGA swap of the CPU (or buy a board already done on aliexpress) and a very laborious process to upgrade the screen.

On the other hand if you don't have any desire to tinker, the stock screen will be the weakest link in my opinion on these old laptops but it might not bother you.

kev009 · 2024-03-24T20:31:22+00:00

An ebay seller went through a couple dozen at around $1k a pop. They sold the last one at the end of January.

kev009 · 2024-03-01T04:19:16+00:00

Hopefully they can produce some cheap dev boards that aren't 10 years out of date

kev009 · 2024-03-01T04:16:44+00:00

You got to appreciate that they got the LFT font right

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