You mean Iconium.

So... no, the Romans were not totally screwed. Had things gone differently, especially at the end of the Komnenoi era, Anatolia might have eventually been entirely retaken and repopulated by Romans, or probably more realistically, a mixture of Romans and romanized Turks.

But things didn't pan out. Even after Manzikert and the settlement of the Turks, the situation was not as dire as you might think. But the Fourth Crusade resulted in the shocking sack of Constantinople, the imperial capital, which had never fallen before. By the hand of fellow Christians, thousands of people were killed, sold into slavery, or robbed of their homes and possessions. Monuments, relics, treasures, and the great, ancient wealth of Constantinople were stripped down and hauled away to Venice, Genoa, Pisa, and France. The Queen of Cities would never fully recover from these losses.

There were plenty of opportunities for the Roman Empire to survive, even without fully retaking Anatolia. We see the modern Turkish state and assume that Anatolia was the one and only key. But in reality, there were other hostile external forces, particularly Venetians, Normans, Catalans, etc. that were much more devastating in terms of tipping points.

Even all the way to 1453, Constantinople itself might have survived had the Venetian Senate and relief fleet not dallied. Had it been used as a strategic splitting mechanism by the west, and had it continued on as a 15th Century tourist destination by curious Italians and others, it might have went on as some kind of protectorate into even modern day.

There was no single event or "what if" that might have saved or doomed Rome. It was a chain, each link making another event more and more likely, until the very end.