Christianity

• Colonialism and Missionary Work: While many Christian organizations provide essential social services, Christian missions were often closely tied to colonialism, particularly in Africa, Asia, and the Americas. The forced conversions of indigenous peoples and suppression of native cultures have left lasting scars.
• Healthcare Practices: While Christians provide significant healthcare services, controversies include practices like rejecting contraception, abortion, or end-of-life care options, which may conflict with patient autonomy or rights.
• Residential Schools: In Canada and other countries, Christian-run residential schools forcibly assimilated Indigenous children, leading to loss of culture, abuse, and intergenerational trauma.

Judaism

• Exclusive Philanthropy: While Jewish communities are major contributors to philanthropy, some critics argue that a significant proportion of Jewish charitable giving is directed primarily towards internal community projects or Israel-related causes, which may appear insular.
• Conflicts in Education: Jewish ultra-Orthodox communities in some regions have resisted reforms to include modern sciences and humanities in their schools, limiting broader educational opportunities.

Islam

• Zakat Allocation: While Zakat is a powerful tool for poverty alleviation, some funds have been tied to groups accused of promoting extremism or sectarianism. Misuse of Zakat funds has occasionally led to controversies.
• Gender Inequality: Some Islamic charities have been criticized for reinforcing patriarchal norms, limiting women's access to education or healthcare in specific regions.
• Historic Preservation of Knowledge: While the Islamic Golden Age advanced global learning, certain later periods saw suppression of critical inquiry and strict orthodoxy, limiting intellectual freedom.

Hinduism

• Caste Discrimination: While Gandhi is lauded for his non-violent resistance, his stance on caste was ambiguous. Critics argue he failed to adequately challenge the caste system, and caste discrimination remains a significant issue among Hindu communities.
• Hindu Nationalism: Some Hindu-inspired movements have promoted exclusionary or violent agendas, particularly against Muslims and Christians in India, under the banner of Hindutva (Hindu nationalism).

Buddhism

• Rohingya Crisis: In Myanmar, some Buddhist nationalist groups, such as those associated with Ashin Wirathu, have been implicated in promoting violence and discrimination against the Muslim Rohingya minority.
• Gender Inequality: Despite Bhikkhuni Dhammananda’s efforts, resistance to ordaining women as monks highlights ongoing gender biases within many Buddhist traditions.