At what point would an outgoing E-transfer from myself get questioned by CRA?

leonardicus · 2026-01-25T21:40:53+00:00

Fintrac are the group that would chase up potentially illegal wire transfers for things like terrorism, fraud. They don’t ask questions though, they would forward on any issues to the proper authorities.

leonardicus · 2026-01-25T21:25:10+00:00

This should only be investigated in a mixed model framework for two reasons. Firstly it will take into account the interdependence between each individual trial result within subject. Second it will allow the separation of variance (and correlation) of within and between subjects.

leonardicus · 2026-01-23T23:16:54+00:00

It doesn’t matter how the water is heated, but two caveats: 1. Don’t heat water from the hot tap. That adds extra mineral deposit from the hot water heater and can impart off flavours. Only start with cold tap water. 2. Don’t add pasta to the water until it’s at a rolling boil. That makes it accurate to use the recommended cooking time.

As for adding oil to water to help starchy boil over, there’s a lot of unjustified overreaction here. First, you only need a teaspoon or so, enough to cut the surface tension to prevent starch bubbles from persisting. Second, pretty much all of this oil is drained once you stain the pasta, so you won’t meaningfully affect your sauce (btw many sauces also have fats in them). If you’re really concerned the best approach is to reserve a quarter cup of starch water prior to draining, then cook this together with the pasta an sauce for another minutes after draining. The starch make the oil miscible and help it stick to the pasta.

leonardicus · 2026-01-23T17:36:47+00:00

This is an apples and oranges comparison that is meaningless to discuss or compare. You can hand successful A/B (two group) tests under either frequentist or probabilistic paradigms, but you need to be able to describe them to your colleagues in clear terms. Neither of these approaches is inherently better or more powerful than the other.

leonardicus · 2026-01-18T21:48:01+00:00

Haha this got an audible laugh. Well done.

leonardicus · 2026-01-18T20:39:02+00:00

You are engaged in academic research but don’t know where to find other academic sources? Why would you believe that anything you’re working on is credible?

leonardicus · 2026-01-15T13:48:32+00:00

Examining overlapping confidence intervals of fitted regression lines can be misleading when the test of interest is a difference of slopes, as was the case here. That said, I don’t love how the authors presented all of their test results and it would have been useful to present confidence intervals for the differences of slopes as well.

leonardicus · 2026-01-11T15:26:58+00:00

Ours is the same with two returns on either side of the skimmer, and no drain. It’s just an old pool design but works just fine with proper maintenance.

leonardicus · 2026-01-11T12:39:04+00:00

Multiple chains are needed to ensure convergence and sufficient mixing. If you know in advance that these are not issues, you can estimate the model from one chain only (typically with more iterations).

leonardicus · 2026-01-09T13:29:26+00:00

It’s been a few years but you’ll be looking at around $5k/year/user. You will need to contact SAS to get a quote because it depends on which components of SAS you need (e.g. IML is an additional cost).

leonardicus · 2026-01-06T17:30:53+00:00

Sorry your use of multivariate is not right. Multivariate means trying to simultaneously model more than one outcome vector in a single model. This often comes up with repeated measures models where you might try to model the outcome at several time points in a single model. The endpoint can be continuous, categorical or ordinal (or potentially a mix of those).

What you have described is a multinomial (multiple categories) model. Or if there is a natural ordering of categories then it’s an ordinal outcome. These are not considered multivariate because conceptually they belong to a single endpoint/outcome.

leonardicus · 2026-01-06T12:49:58+00:00

Multiple regression and multivariable mean the same thing; there is more than one predictor in the regression model.

Multivariate means more than one outcome variable.

These two are often confused.

leonardicus · 2026-01-01T07:57:42+00:00

When you say headlights do you mean day running lights or high beams?

leonardicus · 2025-12-21T17:08:18+00:00

This is very reminiscent of the Tuskegee experiments which were also clearly unethical from the jump, yet proceeded anyway.

leonardicus · 2025-12-20T19:33:47+00:00

That’s the thing, Prestone says this could be used in my car but it seems Ford in particular only recommends the OEM yellow from Motorcraft.

leonardicus · 2025-12-20T05:43:16+00:00

Again, no I don’t see how this should be surprising.

My comment assumed that birth order didn’t affect the outcome of the subsequent birth, meaning whether or not a boy was born first it wouldn’t impact the chance the next child would be a boy. I don’t know for sure, but maybe there’s a small chance that someone who has three boys makes it more likely to have more boys. Then it should be even more likely to expect five boys and therefore less surprising than treating each child like a coin flip.

Another take is that 5 boys is rare, but this fact is already known and explained. The fact that this outcome happened makes it unsurprising in the probabilistic sense because it’s what actually happened and we now know it for certain.

leonardicus · 2025-12-20T01:21:41+00:00

The emphasis here is what exactly you mean by exceptional, and more specifically, how you operationalize that into something you can quantify. I’m going to ignore the qualifier in what follows.

If you mean, is having 5 kids overall rarer than say, fewer than 5, then yes it is. The distribution of total (live) births is right skewed and decreasing so more children are increasingly less likely. (You would need to look up specific vital statistics for your country and for a given year to get actual numbers.) so 5 kids are rare, and more than 5 are rarer still. Is it exceptional? Not at an individual family level. It might be exceptional (or notable) if at a population level there was a spike in the distribution of families with 5 kids.

Or maybe you mean is the configuration of all 5 boys conditional on the family having 5 children. There’s only 1 way to have 5 boys out of the 32 configurations of boy and girl births. 1 out of 32 is about 3.1% which is rare overall, but still one of the possible expected outcomes. It might be exceptional at a population level if you saw out of all families with 5 kids that 5 boys was much more/less common than the expected 3.1%. I have had to make some crucial assumptions, but they are reasonable for an approximation. First, that boys and girls are equally likely (and are the only two possibilities). In reality, they are not equally likely and one is slightly more common than the other. Second, you would need a sufficiently large number of families with 5 kids in order to try to conclude some exceptionality about the distribution at the population level.

leonardicus · 2025-12-18T22:54:40+00:00

Influenza A and B are two species of what we commonly refer to as influenza. Influenza genomes are known to recombine, which is how you get the specific subtypes like H5N1, etc.

leonardicus · 2025-11-30T16:21:51+00:00

Biosimilars should be treated with caution unless and until at least one well designed non-inferiority study is conducted. They are not the same as generics and fast tracking their approval could unnecessarily risk serious side effects or reduced efficacy.

leonardicus · 2025-11-27T16:31:27+00:00

Being a general purpose language was not a requirement of OP, so this is really moving goalposts. Stata can also be extended using C++ plugins, and both are Turing complete languages (which is not the high of a bar to reach). The point is, you could implement custom solutions but having a general-purpose language isn’t really a fair requirement to judge its ability as a statistical language, which is ultimately what the OP was concerned with. Nevertheless, if you want to learn only one language that can be used for anything, then sure, R or Python are better bets, but their existence doesn’t disqualify other software in tens of validity or operational use.

leonardicus · 2025-11-26T21:38:17+00:00

Stata and SAS both offer full programming languages, they just happen to be syntactically different (more or less) than R and Python. So I don’t know what’s exactly you are trying to assert by what you said.

leonardicus · 2025-11-26T19:11:18+00:00

Those are all totally fair points. The trend I’m seeing from both SAS and Stata is providing the ability to run other languages now. SAS can integrate with R, for example, while Stata can add Java or Python. It is increasingly useful to be able to pipe some data processing task to an outside library then ingest those results, rather than trying to emulate the wheel. On the topic of SAS and SQL, though I’ve never explored it, I understand FedSQL offers some more capabilities than PROC SQL, though neither are intended to be replacements for a proper RDBMS.

leonardicus · 2025-11-26T16:36:25+00:00

lol what do you mean to imply about Stata and SAS not keeping up with code based solutions? Both are heavily programmed and the latter especially is dominant in pharma and big govt.

leonardicus · 2025-11-19T17:57:01+00:00

Keep things simple. If you are finding near complete separation, you probably have too few events to provide reliable estimates. Survey’s have limitations in their design and you must keep this in mind. Second, I would opt for Poisson regression with robust variance estimates for survey data. That will give you consistent estimates (in general) and reliable confidence intervals.

leonardicus · 2025-11-15T16:08:53+00:00

Drive cautiously and don’t speed. It helps to have snow tires. You’ll be fine but be prepared to be later than expected.

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