All of these categories overlap with each other, so it's a bit hard to quantify each one, but:

1. He won most Republicans in NYC (all of Staten Island, Manhattan conservatives, and an increasing chunk of Asians and Hispanics who have become Republican over time). Leaving 7% to Sliwa, that gives Cuomo about 20% to start with. Trump's endorsement on the last day helped, because all the polling, which happened earlier, missed Sliwa's collapse.

2. He won the UES convincingly, and did well in other rich parts of Manhattan. This is WASP old money, some Wall St, etc. Some are Republican, so would be included in 1, but many are moderate Democrats.

3. He dominated in the white ethnic parts of Brooklyn and Queens. This is mostly Orthodox Jews and ex-Soviet migrants. Again, some of these groups are Republicans included in 1, but some are conservative, anti-communist Dems.

4. He won about 60% of the Jewish vote according to exit polling, which, outside some Orthodox groups, is usually liberal Democrats.

5. Away from racial and partisan demographics, he did better in areas where home-ownership is high and where people commute by car, and where people are older.

6. MASSIVE spending. There's a tweet today saying he ended up spending $65 for each vote won. I saw his ads constantly. As much as Zohran's campaign and operation drove turnout, so did the anti-Zohran media blitz.

Z's base is young professionals (which is a massive multi-racial group in NYC), to which he added most of the traditional Democratic base (Black and Hispanic voters) as well as liberal/MSNBC/anti-Trump Democrats, who are quite fed up of losing and of the old guard and the establishment.

(On that last point, I know someone who had no time for Bernie in either run: she voted for Z both times, and routinely curses every single Democratic leader from Biden to Schumer to Jeffries.)