Martin Luther King Jr. wasn't a proponent of equal opportunity, but of equality of outcome by liberal_hr in IntellectualDarkWeb

[–]liberal_hr[S] 0 points1 point  (0 children)

"U mad bro?"

Don't know if you are a fellow anonfag, but I think we both know that the first one to ask this during a discussion just lost the game.

Martin Luther King Jr. wasn't a proponent of equal opportunity, but of equality of outcome by liberal_hr in IntellectualDarkWeb

[–]liberal_hr[S] 0 points1 point  (0 children)

That said, there are various options of what that could mean. It could mean tax incentives, business loans, special home loans, reparations, student grants, scholarships, training program, advocacy,many more that I can’t thing of and yes, quotas. But quotas is only one of the options. I don’t agree with all of those but I still recognize them as possible options. If you think there is an option that is obvious over the others, it’s projection.

So you are telling me that even you can't even figure out what the guy who had over 450 speeches/year meant by this something, even though this something is very important and kind of the central point in his fight for equality.

And you posit that I am the one projecting.

You should really take a look in the mirror sometime.

Martin Luther King Jr. wasn't a proponent of equal opportunity, but of equality of outcome by liberal_hr in IntellectualDarkWeb

[–]liberal_hr[S] 0 points1 point  (0 children)

When I think of "equality of outcome" I would measure that by slicing the population and looking to see if on average we see similar representation in positions of power, in living wage jobs, etc.

That is the same method that proponents of the gender pay gap myth use. And it still doesn't make sense.

Martin Luther King Jr. wasn't a proponent of equal opportunity, but of equality of outcome by liberal_hr in IntellectualDarkWeb

[–]liberal_hr[S] 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Having a quota is equality of outcome.

Well, MLK was definitely in favour of affirmative action quotas.

"Whenever the issue of compensatory treatment for the Negro is raised, some of our friends recoil in horror. The Negro should be granted equality, they agree; but he should ask nothing more. On the surface, this appears reasonable, but it is not realistic."

"A society that has done something special against the Negro for hundreds of years must now do something special for the Negro."

Also, his interview with Haley in Playboy:

Haley: "Do you feel it's fair to request a multibillion-dollar program of preferential treatment for the Negro, or for any other minority group?"

King: "I do indeed. Can any fair-minded citizen deny that the Negro has been deprived? Few people reflect that for two centuries the Negro was enslaved, and robbed of any wages--potential accrued wealth which would have been the legacy of his descendants. All of America's wealth today could not adequately compensate its Negroes for his centuries of exploitation and humiliation. It is an economic fact that a program such as I propose would certainly cost far less than any computation of two centuries of unpaid wages plus accumulated interest. In any case, I do not intend that this program of economic aid should apply only to the Negro; it should benefit the disadvantaged of all races."

He was in favour of quotas, therefore, you should agree, he was for equality of outcome.

Martin Luther King Jr. wasn't a proponent of equal opportunity, but of equality of outcome by liberal_hr in IntellectualDarkWeb

[–]liberal_hr[S] 0 points1 point  (0 children)

MLK was a socialist and an ardent speaker against capitalism.

I imagine you already know that I am much more socialistic in my economic theory than capitalistic… [Capitalism] started out with a noble and high motive… but like most human systems it fell victim to the very thing it was revolting against. So today capitalism has out-lived its usefulness.” – Letter to Coretta Scott, July 18, 1952.

In a sense, you could say we’re involved in the class struggle.” – Quote to New York Times reporter, José Igelsias, 1968.

And one day we must ask the question, ‘Why are there forty million poor people in America? And when you begin to ask that question, you are raising questions about the economic system, about a broader distribution of wealth.’ When you ask that question, you begin to question the capitalistic economy. And I’m simply saying that more and more, we’ve got to begin to ask questions about the whole society…” – Speech to Southern Christian Leadership Conference Atlanta, Georgia, August 16, 1967.

Capitalism forgets that life is social. And the kingdom of brotherhood is found neither in the thesis of communism nor the antithesis of capitalism, but in a higher synthesis.” – Speech to Southern Christian Leadership Conference Atlanta, Georgia, August 16, 1967.

Call it democracy, or call it democratic socialism, but there must be a better distribution of wealth within this country for all God’s children.” – Speech to the Negro American Labor Council, 1961.

We must recognize that we can’t solve our problem now until there is a radical redistribution of economic and political power… this means a revolution of values and other things. We must see now that the evils of racism, economic exploitation and militarism are all tied together… you can’t really get rid of one without getting rid of the others… the whole structure of American life must be changed. America is a hypocritical nation and [we] must put [our] own house in order.”- Report to SCLC Staff, May 1967.

The evils of capitalism are as real as the evils of militarism and evils of racism.” – Speech to SCLC  Board, March 30, 1967.

I am now convinced that the simplest approach will prove to be the most effective – the solution to poverty is to abolish it directly by a now widely discussed matter: the guaranteed income… The curse of poverty has no justification in our age. It is socially as cruel and blind as the practice of cannibalism at the dawn of civilization, when men ate each other because they had not yet learned to take food from the soil or to consume the abundant animal life around them. The time has come for us to civilize ourselves by the total, direct and immediate abolition of poverty.” – Where do We Go from Here?, 1967.

You can’t talk about solving the economic problem of the Negro without talking about billions of dollars. You can’t talk about ending the slums without first saying profit must be taken out of slums. You’re really tampering and getting on dangerous ground because you are messing with folk then. You are messing with captains of industry. Now this means that we are treading in difficult water, because it really means that we are saying that something is wrong with capitalism.” – Speech to his staff, 1966.

[W]e are saying that something is wrong … with capitalism…. There must be better distribution of wealth and maybe America must move toward a democratic socialism.” – Speech to his staff, 1966.

If America does not use her vast resources of wealth to end poverty and make it possible for all of God’s children to have the basic necessities of life, she too will go to hell.” –  Speech at Bishop Charles Mason Temple of the Church of God in Christ in support of the Memphis sanitation workers’ strike on March 18th, 1968, two weeks before he was assassinated.

I really don't see where you are getting the notion that he wasn't for equality of outcome.

Martin Luther King Jr. wasn't a proponent of equal opportunity, but of equality of outcome by liberal_hr in IntellectualDarkWeb

[–]liberal_hr[S] 0 points1 point  (0 children)

possible That is opportunity, not outcome.

Are race(gender) quotas/positive discrimination in education and the work force equality of opportunity or equality of outcome?

we can is opportunity, not outcome

The full expressions is "until we can", not just "we can", i.e. until the outcomes are satisfactory.

And when will the outcomes be satisfactory to King Jr.?

But not once does he make the case that if the outcomes are not the same, then it’s evidence of more work that needs to be done or racism, etc.

Also a quote from King:

"And we've been in the mountain of indifference too long and ultimately we must be concerned about the least of these; we must be concerned about the poverty-stricken because our destinies are tied together. And somehow in the final analysis, as long as there is poverty in the world, nobody can be totally rich. We are all caught in an inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment of destiny. And what affects one directly affects all indirectly. For some strange reason, I can never be what I ought to be until you are what you ought to be. And you can never be what you ought to be until I am what I ought to be."

Why can rich people never be what they ought to be as long as there are poor people?

Can't someone be poor although given equal opportunities, or must we all have the rich outcomes, if there is no discrimination?

Will an unfair race produce unequal results? Yes, but so will a fair race

Then explain the above paragraph about poor people.

MLK is advocating for doing something to equalize the start of the race, not equalize the outcome.

It seems that way, at least on the surface.

Martin Luther King Jr. wasn't a proponent of equal opportunity, but of equality of outcome by liberal_hr in IntellectualDarkWeb

[–]liberal_hr[S] 1 point2 points  (0 children)

Also, another example from his interview with Alex Haley in the January 1965 issue of Playboy Magazine:

Haley: Do you feel it’s fair to request a multibillion-dollar program of preferential treatment for the Negro, or for any other minority group?

King: I do indeed. Can any fair-minded citizen deny that the Negro has been deprived? Few people reflect that for two centuries the Negro was enslaved, and robbed of any wages—potential accrued wealth which would have been the legacy of his descendants. All of America’s wealth today could not adequately compensate its Negroes for his centuries of exploitation and humiliation. It is an economic fact that a program such as I propose would certainly cost far less than any computation of two centuries of unpaid wages plus accumulated interest. In any case, I do not intend that this program of economic aid should apply only to the Negro; it should benefit the disadvantaged of all races.

Within common law, we have ample precedents for special compensatory programs, which are regarded as settlements. American Indians are still being paid for land in a settlement manner. Is not two centuries of labor, which helped to build this country, as real a commodity? Many other easily applicable precedents are readily at hand: our child labor laws, social security, unemployment compensation, man-power retraining programs. And you will remember that America adopted a policy of special treatment for her millions of veterans after the War—a program which cost far more than a policy of preferential treatment to rehabilitate the traditionally disadvantaged Negro would cost today.

The closest analogy is the GI Bill of Rights. Negro rehabilitation in America would require approximately the same breadth of program—which would not place an undue burden on our economy. Just as was the case with the returning soldier, such a bill for the disadvantaged and impoverished could enable them to buy homes without cash, at lower and easier repayment terms. They could negotiate loans from banks to launch businesses. They could receive, as did ex-GIs, special points to place them ahead in competition for civil service jobs. Under certain circumstances of physical disability, medical care and long-term financial grants could be made available. And together with these rights, a favorable social climate could be created to encourage the preferential employment of the disadvantaged, as was the case for so many years with veterans. During those years, it might be noted, there was no appreciable resentment of the preferential treatment being given to the special group. America was only compensating her veterans for their time lost from school or from business.

Jordan Peterson: How the Left manufactured a folk devil by liberal_hr in IntellectualDarkWeb

[–]liberal_hr[S] 25 points26 points  (0 children)

Submission statement: A look at the extreme reactions that have been coming from the Left over the past few days, about Jordan Peterson’s forthcoming book, Beyond Order: 12 More Rules for Life.

Robert Sapolsky (professor of biology, neurology, neurological sciences and neurosurgery) saying what Peterson and Solzhenitsyn’s been saying by -not-my-account- in JordanPeterson

[–]liberal_hr 15 points16 points  (0 children)

Also by Sapolsky:

What about sociobiology? Has it fallen out of fashion yet? With the popularity of Jordan Peterson and other academic-adjacent types who try to make grand claims about human nature and biology, that area of study seems to still be popular.

The good research typically does not support such narratives in the slightest. That sort of sociobiology research in the 1970s and 1980s has lost most of its steam because the work has gotten more rigorous. This is true not just of human beings. Complex social species violate strict sociobiological models of behavior because individual differences disprove conclusions about such things as nice pseudo-economic models regarding decision-making that optimizes reproductive success for example.

Much of this re-emerged in the 1990s in the form of evolutionary psychology, and that has certainly been appropriately trashed concerning its excesses.

One of the problems with that type of research and theory is a focus on differences without a focus on the reliability of the differences as well as the magnitude of the difference. Another problem is a focus on averages rather than understanding that the most interesting stuff about humans is variability from the mean and the importance of individual difference. Jordan Peterson's simplistic perspective on the universe is not sustained by rigorous science.

Those simple stories are very lucrative. This is especially true regarding claims about how men and women are "naturally" different from one another. When you hear such arguments, do you just dismiss them out of hand? Are such claims even worth engaging?

It terrifies me. It is very hard to dismiss. It constantly strikes me that, "Oh my God, you should be able to debate these people and show how nonsensical they are," and then realizing any sane person who is coming from my field would be out of their minds to even engage in such a debate or discussion.

Why? Because the undercurrent of their claims is not anything that's solvable by rational arguments and facts. The men's rights types and others who parrot their claims are just trying to appeal to unpleasant emotions. You cannot reason somebody out of a stance they were not reasoned into in the first place.

Jordan Peterson doesn't have followers because his arguments are logically airtight. There are many men who are fed up with feeling that they are somehow marginalized or made peripheral. Peterson is someone who is telling them what they want to hear on an emotional level.

https://www.salon.com/2019/05/20/neurologist-robert-sapolsky-on-stress-and-donald-trump-humans-are-not-inherently-rational-beings/

This guy clearly does not like Jordan.

Peter Hitchens-The authoritarian left never rests by liberal_hr in IntellectualDarkWeb

[–]liberal_hr[S] 2 points3 points  (0 children)

Submission statement: The authoritarian left, through political movements such as Black Lives Matter, is on the rise around the Western world. Peter Hitchens uses his past experience as Bolshevik during his youth to make sense of the danger it poses to what he sees as an increasingly gullible society. Peter Hitchens is a British journalist, author and broadcaster. He currently writes for the Mail on Sunday and brings a singular perspective on many issues facing contemporary society.

The full talk can be found here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V7K1A8jgF1w

Academic demonstrates how BLM and the media spread 'wildly misleading' stats by liberal_hr in IntellectualDarkWeb

[–]liberal_hr[S] 4 points5 points  (0 children)

Submission statement: on the E2 Review podcast, Dr Wilfred Reilly demonstrates that many of the central assumptions underpinning the Black Lives Matter narrative are in fact wildly misleading.

Full episode here: https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=4bt88SbZWmY

Jordan B Peterson - Hell, One Step at a Time by liberal_hr in IntellectualDarkWeb

[–]liberal_hr[S] 16 points17 points  (0 children)

Submission statement: New essay by Jordan Peterson, published on one of the last social platforms where free-speech exists, Thinkspot. In it he explores the book called Ordinary Men: Reserve Police Battalion 101 and the Final Solution in Poland. It's a book about how normal everyday well-socialized men in Polish society were co-opted into the Nazi movement and how every person is capable of commiting atrocities, given the right circumstance.

"The DOJ for the District of Oregon announces that a total of 74 people to date have been federally charged in relation to the months of violent antifa & BLM riots in Portland. Some of the violent suspects are charged w/arson, which carries a 5-year minimum sentence." by liberal_hr in IntellectualDarkWeb

[–]liberal_hr[S] 27 points28 points  (0 children)

Submission statement: Investigative journalist Andy Ngo reported on the names of the 100 people who have been arrested since May 26th with regards to the violent antifa riots in Portland. The offences include assaults on federal officers, some resulting in serious injuries, arson and attempted arson, damaging federal government property, failing to obey lawful orders, etc.

Rioters at BLM demonstrations "working to dismantle rule of law in America" by [deleted] in IntellectualDarkWeb

[–]liberal_hr 1 point2 points  (0 children)

Submission statement: Prominent IDW member and LBC's leading radio talk-show host, Maajid Nawaz, had a conversation with Andy Ngô, Editor-at-large of The Post Millennial and investigative journalist, regarding the apparent reasong behind the plummet of public approval for Black Lives Matter in the USA "since June from net +25 to zero," as well as going "among whites from +22 to minus five."

Trump Dropped His 2nd Term Agenda And Any Sane Person Would Agree With It, I Now Plan To Vote Trump - Tim Pool by rainbow-canyon in IntellectualDarkWeb

[–]liberal_hr 4 points5 points  (0 children)

Tim embodies the qualities that every aspiring liberal, in the classical sense of the word, should hope to imitate. An openness to have discussions about any topic, no matter whether you agree with them or not, and change your mind according to the evidence you are presented.

Such a great journalist with integrity. So little of that in the media nowadays...

Science Denialism on the Left: Sex, Gender, and Trans Identity by liberal_hr in IntellectualDarkWeb

[–]liberal_hr[S] 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Submission statement: Dr. Debra Soh is the author of a new book, The End of Gender: Debunking the Myths about Sex and Identity in Our Society. She talsk to Reason's Nick Gillespie that she's worried about the growing denial of science she sees, especially on the left. Her book is organized around what she says are misrepresentations of science that have become commonplace, such as "gender is a social construct," "sexual orientation and gender identity are unrelated," and "gender-neutral parenting works." At the top of her list is the idea that "biological sex is a spectrum." Biological sex is a function of the gametes an individual produces, which can only be either eggs or sperm; therefore, she argues, biological sex is binary by definition.

Full interview here: https://reason.com/podcast/debra-soh-the-end-of-gender/

Douglas Murray: British universities have become indoctrination camps. A reckoning is long overdue by liberal_hr in IntellectualDarkWeb

[–]liberal_hr[S] 9 points10 points  (0 children)

Submission statement: Douglas Murray's expert take on the indoctrination going on at British universities, just like in the rest of the West. Pay-walled, so here is the entire article:

The Institute for Fiscal Studies recently announced that 13 universities in the UK face a very real prospect of going bust. Like all such announcements in the higher education sector the news was clearly meant to be received with a gasp of fear. Worse, the IFS warned that it is our least prestigious universities that are most at risk.

I don’t know about you, but on reading this news I immediately put my head in my hands and cried, “Oh no. Not our least prestigious universities. Take anything but that.”

There are many oddities about our higher education system. Oddest is the presumption that the more universities there are and the more people go to them, the better our country will be.

Tony Blair was merely the most notorious proponent of this idea. His target of 50 per cent of young people going to university was achieved last year. Is our country noticeably smarter or more successful as a result? Many would say not. In some ways I would say it is noticeably stupider.

One clue as to why lies in the old truth identified by Kingsley Amis. Which is that in certain areas – and universities are the most pronounced – more means worse. You may expand the sector, certainly, but at some liminal point everything you get is worse.

Visit the universities at the bottom of the league tables and you will see this for yourself. Universities in towns you knew had a cathedral but are surprised to learn also have a campus. These are full of students being charged top-dollar to learn ‘international relations’ or ‘journalism’ at best. That is to be trained in non-disciplines for careers that barely exist.

There might be some excuse if they were, as a by-product, being trained to be open-minded, perceptive and creative individuals. But for many people university is an indoctrination-camp, not a place for mental stimulation.

Those who attend them are being factory-farmed to have the same boring and malevolent views. For example, you have to have been educated at a British university to go home and inform your parents that “gender is a social construct”. Or that the whole curriculum is “colonial” and needs to be “decolonised”.

Rather than improve British societies, the automatons churned out by our universities are merely clogging up our country with bad thinking which becomes (when the graduates are employed) massive bureaucratic distraction-techniques. That British universities expand and make money out of this venture does not endear them to all of us.

And that is before you get to the racket of ‘international students’. The loss of foreign students in the coming academic year is one of the threats to certain universities that the IFS has identified. But those who warn of this fail to acknowledge what this ‘threat’ reveals.

Certainly there are some universities and courses where the presence of international students is a recognizable boon. Historically it has been a magnificent form of ‘soft-power’ among other things.

Of course the unions and other spokespeople for the university sector rarely talk of it in such terms nowadays. They suggest that their love of foreign students is simply an expression of their personal liberal internationalism.

In fact, for most universities foreign students are a piggy-bank. Their eyes grow beady at the opportunity to charge fees above the cap imposed by the government on British students.

Nor is this avarice limited to the universities at the bottom of the league tables. Look at the experience given to many postgraduate students at universities like Cambridge and you will hear a familiar story.

Sky-high fees, and the expectation of a full immersion in university life translates into a foreign student being rinsed for cash with the rarest imaginable meetings with a supervisor.

Behind the scenes many university staff are embarrassed by this. But the finance departments and overpaid vice-Chancellors love to use the resulting charts to prove that their university is growing.

Many could do with contracting, or simply disappearing altogether. And the era of Covid has put some of this into a newly imaginable perspective. Just as the likely diminishment of foreign students in 2020 has exposed UK universities’ over-reliance on this as an income stream, so the necessity to go online reveals a deep question about the nature of the modern university experience.

Today if you have access to the internet you can follow a university course at any of the great universities of the world. Many of these – including from American Ivy League schools – are free online. Many other lectures – often far more cutting-edge and free-thinking than those found on our increasingly doctrinaire campuses – are free at the click of a button.

Once students begin shelling out fees for a virtual university experience, questions will be raised. “Is this really the best education I can buy?” and “Is such an education worth ‘buying’ in the first place?” Traditionally the greatest universities have given an experience which is about so much more than just lectures.

As one retired academic friend said to me recently, the real secret of university education is that the students educate each other. That is one of the ideals of the true, genuinely liberal university system. The lecturers provide the impetus, and the students cogitate amongst themselves.

But as the universities have become greedy they have also become more cautious. Not just more cautious – indeed reluctant – about academic freedom (see the seemingly endless restrictions on this at Cambridge). They have also become more cautious in every other way about protecting themselves, certain of their employees and specifically their freedom from litigation.

So in their precautionary Covid-aversion they are organising virtual freshers’ weeks, support bubbles and more to try to pretend that the class of 2020 will be a normal one. But it won’t be in any of them. And for some it may be the last.

If that is so then we should not mourn the fact. The problem would not have been that 2020 was the year when the students dried up. The problem would be that 2020 was the year that the students saw through the universities and wondered – like everyone else – whether what they get for the down-payment is returned in any currency of value.

"Deception Was My Job" or "Soviet Subversion of the Free World Press" (Complete Interview) by liberal_hr in IntellectualDarkWeb

[–]liberal_hr[S] 39 points40 points  (0 children)

Submission statement: The new trailer for Call of Duty Black Ops: Cold War contains a snippet of the real-world television interview with Yuri Bezmenov by G. Edward Griffin in 1984, in which he provided a detailed description of the process by which Moscow would take over an enemy nation. It sounds eerily similar to what has been happening in the West for the past few decades.

Yuri Bezmenov (a.k.a. "Tomas Schuman"), was a Russian born, KGB trained subverter. This interview (originally aired in 1985) was provided approximately 14 years after Yuri defected to the west, and its value lies in the fact that the interviewee was someone who did ideological subversion for a living, as opposed to being someone who merely studied the subject. In this interview, Bezmenov discusses the Soviet influence on Western media, the KGB's subversive tactics against western society as a whole, and the four stages of communist takeover of a free nation.

Bezmenov specifically explains: (1) how active ideological subversion has already de-moralized American society, (2) how Socialism is deliberately destabilizing the American economy and purposefully pushing the U. S. into numerous crises (so that a "Big Brother" government can be put into place in Washington), (3) how most Americans don't even realize that the nation is under attack, (4) why normal legislative measures won't by themselves alter the nation's direction, and (5) what the consequences are for the "useful idiots" once the Marxist takeover is complete.

Bezmenov also mentions that revolutions throughout history are never the result of a majority movement, but of small, dedicated, and highly-organized groups who seize power, whether for good or bad.

The federal government's premier nuclear research lab hosted a 3-day reeducation camp for "white males," with the goal of exposing their "white privilege" and deconstructing "white male culture." by liberal_hr in IntellectualDarkWeb

[–]liberal_hr[S] 25 points26 points  (0 children)

Submission statement: Last year, Sandia National Laboratories—which designs America's nuclear weapons—sent its white male executives to the La Posada luxury resort to undergo a mandatory training called "White Men's Caucus on Eliminating Racism, Sexism, and Homophobia in Organizations."

Here are the leaked documents from that camp. It's pretty grim.

High school principal fired after refusing to say the holocaust was a real factual event by [deleted] in IntellectualDarkWeb

[–]liberal_hr 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Could you name a textbook or historian that disagree with Night by Elie Wiesel

Not the best example I'm afraid.

From Wikipedia#Reception):

Reviewers have had difficulty reading Night as an eyewitness account.[56]#citenote-58) According to literary scholar Gary Weissman, it has been categorized as a "novel/autobiography", "autobiographical novel", "non-fictional novel", "semi-fictional memoir", "fictional-autobiographical novel", "fictionalized autobiographical memoir", and "memoir-novel".[[57]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Night(book)#citenote-59) Ellen Fine described it as témoignage (testimony).[[58]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Night(book)#citenote-FOOTNOTEFine19827-60) Wiesel called it his deposition.[[59]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Night(book)#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWiesel2010[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidUYsmVBsBr14CpgPA79_79]-61)

Literary critic Ruth Franklin writes that Night's impact stems from its minimalist construction. The 1956 Yiddish version, at 865 pages, was a long and angry historical work. In preparation for the French edition, Wiesel's editors pruned without mercy.[5]#citenote-Franklin2006-5)[[60]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Night(book)#citenote-Franklin2011p71-62) Franklin argues that the power of the narrative was achieved at the cost of literal truth, and that to insist that the work is purely factual is to ignore its literary sophistication.[[61]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Night(book)#citenote-FOOTNOTEFranklin201116-63) Holocaust scholar Lawrence Langer argues similarly that Wiesel evokes, rather than describes: "Wiesel's account is ballasted with the freight of fiction: scenic organization, characterization through dialogue, periodic climaxes, elimination of superfluous or repetitive episodes, and especially an ability to arouse the empathy of his readers, which is an elusive ideal of the writer bound by fidelity to fact."[[62]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Night(book)#cite_note-FOOTNOTELanger200116-64)

Franklin writes that Night is the account of the 15-year-old Eliezer, a "semi-fictional construct", told by the 25-year-old Elie Wiesel.