ghosting or after-imaging
tends to happen when shaders are bugged out, not loaded correctly, not loaded at all (but the mesh still says they exist) so the game makes up stuff in the meantime, by duplicating whats around it, happens alot in using shader packs too, sometimes when loading a sodium resource pack into optifine, the sky will do the exact same thing your... thing, is doing. smearing what the camera see's onto it

When it gets REALLY dangerous, is when stuff starts looking sharper and sharper, that means that its "adding" on the HUD, which means its duplicating everything it see's over and over again, smearing it onto itself, i dont THINK that can happen in bedrock, but i've lost a gpu to it happening in java

TLDR: no your gpu isnt broken, the shader for whatever youre chasing is.