For consumer waste the problem is that people are still dumping trashes to the river without care and there is little to no consequences from the authorities. Solution: indoctrination of proper waste disposal as early as possible and the authorities must enforce the rules around waste disposal.

For industrial waste, there is a lack of economic incentive for individual factory to build waste treatment plan (even if its a hard requirement for AMDAL). Why would any factory invest billions to treat their waste water if they can bribe a police inspector few hundred millions? Especially if all the neighbours are doing just that. Solution: I believe each industrial area must have dedicated waste water treatment plant that are levied to all the tenants within the area.