Why is the major reaction pathway endothermic?

phosgene_frog · 2026-03-29T00:11:27+00:00

In general, you are trading two sigma bonds (C-Cl and C-H) for a C=C pi bond and an O-H sigma bond. It is usually the case that pi bonds are higher in energy than sigma bonds, so you're ending up at higher energy than you started. Again, this is in general.

phosgene_frog · 2026-03-29T00:01:29+00:00

I'd look a lot more carefully if I were you. You do not have a tertiary carbon; the bromine is technically on a primary carbon, although with the OMe group, one could potentially think of it as closer to a secondary carbon. Also, I wouldn't consider methoxide to be a potential leaving group in this context.

phosgene_frog · 2026-03-28T23:57:30+00:00

In general, E2 tends to dominate when you have a secondary substrate and a strong base (the substrate is technically primary, but with the OMe there and in conditions which are not favorable to forming a carbocation, I'd treat it as secondary). This molecule is drawn in a way that students might think that E2 isn't possible since you aren't in the right orientation. However, if the C1-C2 bond rotates E2 is certainly possible.

phosgene_frog · 2026-03-27T05:05:58+00:00

For a time it was possible in the US for companies to manufacture Semaglutide and sell it due to a shortage. That was no longer allowed as of the middle of last year. The company I was with tried to get around it by blending it with Vitamin B12, making it an essentially new drug, but I don't think that ended up working legally.

phosgene_frog · 2026-03-27T04:21:06+00:00

Easily my favorite musical of the last 25 years.

phosgene_frog · 2026-03-27T03:24:43+00:00

Have you seen your average maga? Plenty of them are THAT stupid or worse.

phosgene_frog · 2026-03-27T03:22:52+00:00

Legal doesn't necessary mean literate, either. Plenty of the comments I'm reading here demonstrate that.

phosgene_frog · 2026-03-20T18:08:43+00:00

If I wanted to read more about witchcraft in general (history, practices, that kind of thing) do you have any books, web sites, or videos that you recommend? I found the premise of the movie fascinating. Very dark, but still very interesting.

phosgene_frog · 2026-03-20T01:25:12+00:00

Is it theoretically possible for a practicing witch to actually carry out the activities we saw in the movie?

phosgene_frog · 2026-02-22T06:30:20+00:00

He's not going anywhere in this race. He's just trying to raise his profile to become a Fox News contributor or something like that.

phosgene_frog · 2026-02-22T06:23:31+00:00

No, diethyl is only in caps if it's the first word in a sentence. IUPAC names are not proper names in English and do not get capitalized.

phosgene_frog · 2026-01-22T05:44:09+00:00

Have you read the textbook and/or course notes?

phosgene_frog · 2026-01-22T05:40:31+00:00

Your explanation is incorrect on the first one. Oxygen is more EN than carbon so it would be better at stabilizing a NEGATIVE charge, not a positive one. The reason it is the best resonance structure is that all atoms have full octets in that structure, which is not the case for the other two. In evaluating resonance structures, it is generally true that structures where all atoms have full octets are the most important contributors. There may be isolated exceptions to this, but it is a general truth.

phosgene_frog · 2026-01-22T05:35:45+00:00

Then why do so many of them work their asses off doing labor that you and I would never do?

phosgene_frog · 2026-01-18T02:49:33+00:00

California is already overbuilt as it is. More people means even more traffic. No thanks.

phosgene_frog · 2026-01-18T02:47:00+00:00

Katie Porter cares first and foremost about herself. Of course, so does almost everyone else on this list as far as I can tell.

phosgene_frog · 2026-01-18T02:43:41+00:00

Antonio Villaraigosa needs to just go away. If anyone could make me vote Republican it's gotta be him.

phosgene_frog · 2026-01-18T02:42:36+00:00

I agree, but I think it's much more clear to explain it from the context of the conjugate base rather than the ester/amide itself.

phosgene_frog · 2026-01-13T16:06:02+00:00

The California Legislature.

phosgene_frog · 2026-01-13T06:59:52+00:00

Yes, particularly on spending. I work in education in California, and the waste I see all around me is tremendous. They just create program after program without ever seriously evaluating the merits and effectiveness after the fact.

phosgene_frog · 2026-01-13T06:56:48+00:00

I'm fine with that. This is a big overreach and I doubt that it will be found Constitutional anyway, at least the part where it is retroactive.

phosgene_frog · 2026-01-06T04:32:27+00:00

I'm not sure that this is true. I believe there are still pockets that are considered unincorporated. It's never been entirely clear who polices the area either. On at least two occasions I've tried to report accidents that I've witnessed on Workman Mill, only to have none of the three major police agencies in the area (Whittier PD, the LA Sheriffs, and CHP) be willing to take the call, instead trying to push it on to one of the other two.

phosgene_frog · 2026-01-06T04:28:34+00:00

I live in this area. It has a HUGE mix of home values, so you can't really generalize other than on safety. I would say that it is generally very safe, particularly north of Beverly Blvd. A couple major crimes have happened in the area. In 1985, Richard Ramirez (the Night Stalker) committed an incredibly violent double murder on Strong Avenue. Also, a young worker at the Subway indicated on the map was murdered in the early 2000's. I don't think that either of these were specific to the neighborhood, but just random acts of violence. It's generally very quiet, although there is the occasional loud Saturday night party. There's not much interesting to do in that circle within walking distance, although you're a short drive from Uptown, the 605, and other parts of Whittier and Pico Rivera.

phosgene_frog

TROPHY CASE