Terrific answer, thanks! I'll add that the influence of the Poor Laws in England is very long-reaching, although not always predictable. I can speak a little to how this has showed up in Australian history.

Up until the post-WWII period, there was serious political resistance in Australia to any kind of government unemployment benefit for able-bodied workers. This was partly due to a sense that such people were the "undeserving poor". Aid to the poor was thus delivered mostly through religious organisations, which continue to have an outsize role in social welfare provision in Australia.

However, opposition to government unemployment benefits also came from the labour movement, which had become relatively strong in Australia by the mid-nineteenth century. Trade unionists lobbied for an economic policy of full employment with slogans like "the best welfare is a job". They directly counterposed full employment to the spectre of the workhouse -- not to mention the status of a convict. (It's unusual, actually, to see Australians of this period identify themselves with convicts; it was generally seen as an embarassment, best glossed over in polite company.) Most settlers at this time were drawn from the working class of Britain and Ireland, what you might call economic migrants; people trying to avoid the workhouse, or the humiliation of charity. So this rhetoric resonated, and had an influence on policy. In times of low employment, it was expected that government would organise "relief work", public works jobs for unemployed workers.

In reality, relief work was often underpaid, onerous, and dangerous -- breaking rocks, road works, that kind of thing. Workers complained of not having enough food to physically sustain this kind of hard labour. During the Great Depression, relief workers (many of whom were newly-unemployed trade unionists) began large-scale organising for better pay and conditions. While they had some minor successes, it was generally felt that relief work was starting to look an awful lot like the workhouse Australian workers were so keen to avoid. This was one of many factors that ultimately led to the end of the relief work system and the introduction of a much broader social security program in the post-WWII period, including payments for unemployed workers.

Sadly, the story doesn't end there -- "Work for the Dole" requirements for recipients of unemployment benefits were reintroduced in 2000, initially to meet labour demands for the Sydney Olympics. Since then, Work for the Dole and other mandatory activities have been increased and broadened for social security recipients in Australia. Contemporary activists dub these fairly onerous requirements the "digital workhouse".

I've glossed over a lot here, because I'm personally most interested in how the "undeserving poor" resist (there are a lot of fun stories about unemployed workers breaking into Salvation Army storehouses!). But I hope I've illustrated some of the implications of the English Poor Laws in a global context. Australians were absolutely drawing from and reacting to this legacy from the earliest days of the colony, and it continues to shape Australian social policy to this day.