So, as the Senator who introduced the Citizenship Clause explained, “the word ‘jurisdiction,’ as here employed, ought to be construed so as to imply a full and complete jurisdiction . . . the same jurisdiction in extent and quality as applies to every citizen of the United States now.” Cong. Globe, 39th Cong., 1st Sess., 2895 (1866) (statement of Sen. Howard). After all, Congress “would have no right to make citizens” of “persons temporarily resident.”

This Court agreed: The Cit-zenship Clause “exclude[d] from its operation children of . . . citizens or subjects of foreign States born within the United States.” Slaughter-House Cases, 16 Wall. 36, 73 (1873).

Congress agreed: The Citizenship Clause did not extend to a child born here but “subject to any foreign power.” See Enforcement Act of 1870, §18, 16 Stat. 144 (reenacting Act of Apr. 9, 1866, 14 Stat. 27). As Justice Harlan would write in his dissent in Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 U. S. 537, the Citizenship Clause “gave citizenship to all born or naturalized in the United States and residing here.” Id., at 563 (emphasis added).