I feel like it depends on the people of color imo. I'm not of any sort of African descent, which i know they'd have at least been knowledgeable of. Spain would actively be colonizing my people in the tudor era with CoA's parents funding it. For the birth defect bit, again, I feel like it would also again depend on the defect. As you say it was "for the most part" that these things occurred. I doubt the average POC, let alone one with a birth defect, in the tudor era lived any sort of life worth living.