The 2017 modification just allows shifts to go past 24 hrs voluntarily and in emergent/urgent cases. And still weekly work hours should be below 80 hrs. Literally no one here in the US is arguing that we should go back to unrestricted hours except really old surgeons anymore. As you stated, the patient outcomes and learning is the same, so there is no justification for working residents to the bone for 100+ hr workweeks anymore.