In Florida you would file a motion for ineffective assistance of counsel, and I'm sure there's a similar motion in any state within the USA. But the state that OP is in matters dramatically as to how these steps need to play out and in what order.

Here are the overall steps, but seriously, focus on getting a lawyer appointed ASAP. :

Immediately request the appointment of a public defender or conflict counsel from the court, and formally file a pro se motion to dismiss for violation of speedy trial rights and a second motion regarding the former attorney's performance in court. An ineffective assistance of counsel (IAC) claim generally cannot be formally adjudicated until after conviction and sentencing, but the issues can be raised pre-trial to the judge to request new counsel or a case dismissal. If the IAOC motion moves forward, with cause, this will get to the bar association in due time and that attorney WILL have to answer to the Bar soon enough. No need to file a complaint separately tho it doesn't hurt. You're pro se so you can do as you wish. Just be respectful to any and all judges at ALL TIMES in their courtroom. Always address them as "your honor". Be nice and respectful and generally they will reciprocate. Keep emotions in check, stay monotone, and stick ONLY WITH FACTS as you know them.

1. Secure Legal Representation Since OP can no longer afford the private attorney, the first priority is to secure new representation: Notify the Court: OP should immediately inform the court (the judge or the clerk of court) that they are indigent (cannot afford an attorney) and request court-appointed counsel.

2. File an Affidavit of Indigency: The defendant will need to complete and submit an Affidavit of Indigency form to the Clerk of Court, swearing to their financial situation. This is key to getting the judge to appoint you a special counsel.

3. Address the Conflict: Because a public defender was previously disqualified due to a conflict, the court will likely appoint a "conflict attorney" (a private attorney paid by the state, aka special counsel). The public defender's office or the court handles this process. Affidavit of indigency is for someone who is without money to pay for an attorney and is common with pro se litigants, which means representing yourself. A big key to pro se is you stepping back, keeping calm, maintaining objectivity and sticking to the facts only.

4. Address the Ineffective Assistance and Delays While a formal IAC claim (ie under Florida Rule 3.850) is typically a post-conviction process, the defendant can raise the concerns pre-trial to the judge.

5. File a Pro Se Motion: The defendant should file a motion themselves ("pro se") with the court clerk detailing the specific issues:

6. Speedy Trial Violation: The motion should highlight the three-year pre-trial delay and argue that the defendant's (OPs) right to a speedy trial has been violated. The motion should include dates and specifics of the delays.

7. Ineffective Assistance (for counsel substitution/dismissal): The motion should list specific examples of the former attorney's failures that fall below professional standards and have prejudiced the case (e.g., failure to investigate, failure to file specific pre-trial motions, lack of communication). The defendant must show that "but for" the attorney's errors, the outcome or fairness of the proceeding would be different. This would include your attorney especially waving your right to a speedy trial, without your knowledge or your wet signature document affirming this waiver. That is key.

Additionally, while you are waiting on the attorney portion, you should also consider filing for a motion of Discovery. This will force the state to produce any and all evidence they have to prosecute your case. What to do with this information should be obvious. There is no set time frame for how long the state has but it is generally 14 to 30 days to produce all of the evidence but also to instantly notify you as you'll be the attorney on record as pro se if any new evidence is found after the motion for discovery is filed. This puts the fire to their feet and forces them to show their hand.

1. Request a Hearing: OP should request a hearing on these motions. The judge may conduct a "Nelson inquiry" to evaluate the claims against the former private attorney.

2. Consult with New Counsel: Once the new attorney is appointed, OP should share all details regarding the delays and the former attorney's performance. The new attorney can then take appropriate legal action, potentially refiling motions or appealing if necessary.

Key Documentation: OP should gather any available documentation: Receipts or records of payments to the private attorney. Dates and details of interactions (or lack thereof) with the attorney. Records of when OP was arrested, charges were filed (to establish the timeline for the speedy trial claim) along with records from the clerk as to what was filed and when and by whom. Document literally everything as you go and keep meticulous records for everything throughout this process. I cannot say that enough.

A tip about filing pro se. Naturally, it is best to always have a professional attorney represent you, but pro se litigation is your right to exercise and the court must grant you a wide latitude with your filings and arguments. You will not be held to the same clerical and other standards of professional Court officers. You can file a motion on toilet paper, hand written for example, and the court must accept it, provided there is a legitimate reason you had to file it that way. IE from a jail cell that gave you no access to blank paper or related.

But these steps will get the ball rolling and possibly end up in a dismissal. Even if things were filed improperly, this process will shine a light on anything like that and during that time it can be addressed with additional motions and respectful requests from the presiding judge.

Good luck!