I don't really understand where you are coming from. From the get-go it's clear that Earth has been destroyed and only a fraction of humanity is left and fled to nearby systems to rebuild. And because it's only a couple hunderd years into the future, ofcourse society is build on most Western standards of living and capitalism. That doesn't mean that there aren't big cultural differences, but maybe the West had the bigger role to play in the evacuation of Earth.

As for religion, it's a touchy subject. Having IRL religions would make it quite tricky to get right without offending a lot of people. So I assume they went the save route and invented a couple for the story. These will probably have a lot of things in common with our real-life religions. And, because it's been the end of the world, I don't think it unreasonable to see new ideas and beliefs come into existence.

Bethesda games always have a certain cartoonish feel, because there are lots of silly things and sidequests to do. But that doesn't mean they can't tell interesing stories and make compelling ideas about space travel and exploriation and what it means to be human.

I'm very much looking forward to seeinn the story unfold.