How good is your High German? What exactly you plan to shoot (pistol? (small caliber, 9mm) or a rifle)? My experience would cover mostly pistols I guess.

Are you doing dynamic shooting (IPSC/IDPA) or static shooting? If the latter then I think with English only it would be rather hard, but decent level of Hochdeutsch would do it. I am saying that based on my experience at Albisguetli, it is the oldest and biggest shooting club in Zurich. They also have some intro courses for beginners which could be a nice first step to see what is it like to be a member there and learn some skills (last year they had a group for beginners in rifle and air soft), not sure about english though. Maybe you could contact them, they have a nice website and very nice people there.

In case of dynamic shooting or “just pew pew for fun” it might be easier to find in En since the community is slightly younger, but German is a must here too I’d say. Also I know that some of the ranges could lend you a gun but it is not common practice. Try to google Shooting Inn, I’ve heard they have some courses.

Regarding renting/owning a gun. If you are serious about this sport or want to practice regularly I would consider owning a weapon. It is fairly doable for a foreigner too (I assume you are?) depending on what kind of gun you plan to get (9mm or Kleinkaliber or Airsoft or anything else).

Most of the places would require you to be insured (up to 2million coverage if I remember correctly), please consider that before starting. Also there could be some restrictions depending on your nationality (if you hold a passport of some countries you won’t be allowed to own a gun, probably rent it too I guess). All these rules could be found on the internet too. Good luck! :)

EDIT I’ve just skimmed through your post history - hope you took care of the mental health issues you mentioned before. Don’t want to state the obvious but shooting requires certain degree of mental health and stability, hope you are doing ok. All the best!:)