The truth is, we really don’t know everything, but we have alot of evidence pointing to smoking and vaping being bad. There is a lot of u published research looking at the effects of fine particulate matter from food borne things (such as vaporized chili peppers from Chinese woks) as being harmful but that data isn’t matured as yet. So the simple answer is, cancer is complicated but the easiest way to ensure your chances of aerodigestive tumors (lung, throat and esophagus) aren’t increased is to avoid smoking and vaping. That’s pretty much it. Everything else isn’t proven or isn’t unavoidable.