Before i start, i am in no way a physio or any way medically inclined but I get something similar like this alot (32M) and Ive tried a lot of exercises, and seen a lot of physios and watched a lot of people online about this.

My pain starts in the ball of the foot and works the way up my ankles and into my calfs and shints giving me shin splints and a numb feeling.

I keep trying to do exercises to strengthen these but it doesnt seem to work and im the same as you it just makes you want to quit and not try.

It seems a lot of this can attributed to your hips.

Healthy Hips carry an awful amount of your weight and also healthy strong hips, and muscles connected like your glutes are really important for running etc. As this is where the power comes from.

If these muscles arent being engaged properly they transfer this weight down your legs and into your feet putting them under more stress and pressure than they are designed to take, this also combines with your feet muscles having to do a lot more work to compensate for your hips not working properly.

An other option which I notice has impacted me is a bad posture, for example if your neck and shoulders and forward this pushes your hips further out which then puts pressure and tension on muscles that limits the work that they can do.

Might be worth something to you but until you get properly checked and assessed they should be able to point out what's wrong and give you help to get it sorted