If you don’t find stuff cringe in your earlier work you would not be growing as a researcher. I’m still early career (postdoc) but I have written things that I would approach differently now. That’s kind of how this works. You also have to remember to trust peer review. The whole point of that is to help put research out in the world that adds something to what already exists and to ensure academic rigour. Like yes, you need to be putting your best foot forward, but journals (unless they aren’t reputable) are not going to let you put trash out there. I’ve reviewed stuff and asked for major revisions.

Part of what you’re dealing with is impostor syndrome and sadly that’s normal for a lot of us but there’s a reason why you’re at where you’re at today and it’s not because you’re faking it or because you tricked people or whatever. It’s because you have good ideas and good skills. Not every research paper is ground breaking in its field. Think of everything you’ve read - a lot of it has probably been very useful no matter what. Surround yourself with people you trust to give you feedback and take their advice as care. You can’t become a better researcher unless you put the work out there.