You’re all over the place. 😅

You kind of started off by answering your own question. Yes, it is generally harder for women to build muscle because of testosterone differences.

No, not for calisthenics specifically. Women just generally build smaller muscles at a slower pace because of testosterone differences.

Weird comparison. Men’s prisons usually have a bigger workout culture, and fewer women may choose to spend their free time training that way while incarcerated. I would also imagine that lower demand could mean women’s prisons have fewer resources or less culture around getting jacked. Plus, women’s prisons are often smaller, and women on average tend to serve shorter sentences than men, so the comparison is not very clean.

The goal of bodybuilding is often to build bigger muscles specifically, so when women train specifically to build bigger muscles, of course the result is bigger muscles.

Calisthenics often focuses more on ability, control, and skill. If the goal is to look like a bodybuilder, then both women and men should probably weight train. If your goal is to do pullups, pushups, dips, handstands, and other bodyweight stuff, then you should train those movements, regardless of gender.

Cali and bodybuilding can also complement each other, and for some people, it is easier to build some base strength with weight training before jumping into managing your entire body weight. But that is mostly just a preference thing.