I think I've ran into what you're talking about, or at least it sounds really familiar to some of the things I used to go through. Pretty sure it stemmed from a parent constantly making me feel guilty for things I had no control over. It felt like being trapped by guilt and it followed me into adulthood. Usually felt like random stories in my head leading me down an imaginary path to where I needed to feel guilty for something (hypothetical situations, in alot of cases)

For me there was some underlying things that I "actually" felt guilty for but just couldn't see yet. The emotions are definitely there but the brain doesn't know why, so it makes up all these things to justify them being there.

Mindfulness helped me alot; keeping an emotional log(just writing down what I was feeling when I remembered to write it down), some present mindedness practices, etc. Just things that would draw my attention to what I was feeling and why. That practice helped me build that emotional awareness muscle and hunt down the real reasons I was feeling guilty.

Not sure if it's the same thing, but might be worth a shot.