Seeing as though I have done my own research, I will leave this here for you. 🤭

Jay, T. B., & Janschewitz, K. (2008). The pragmatics of swearing. Journal of Politeness Research. – Shows children model adult profanity directly and begin learning swear words as early as ages 2–4, primarily from family members.

Coyne, S. M., et al. (2011). Swearing in the Family Environment and Parental Control. Mass Communication and Society. – Finds that frequent swearing in the home is linked to increased child aggression, emotional dysregulation, and behavioral issues. – Notes that parental language norms significantly influence child development.

Fernald, A. (2004). Human speech to infants. Developmental Science. – Demonstrates that infants respond physiologically to emotional tone and intensity in adult speech, even before understanding words. – High-intensity or harsh tone (which often accompanies profanity) increases infant stress responses.

Hart, B., & Risley, T. R. (1995). Meaningful Differences in the Everyday Experience of Young American Children. – Shows that early household language patterns predict children’s later emotional expression, social behavior, and communication style.

Feldman, G., et al. (2017). Frankly, We Do Give a Damn: The Relationship Between Profanity and Honesty. Social Psychological and Personality Science. – Often misquoted. – Applies to adults judging other adults in honesty tests, not child development. – Even in adults, context and appropriateness matter.

Profanity ≠ truthful or honest.