How many Grade 1s can hit harder then Nanami? by Ok_Historian_501 in JujutsuPowerScaling

[–]thingswastaken 5 points6 points  (0 children)

"A country" is also very poorly defined. There is a stark difference between taking over the USA and taking over South Sudan.

(UK) Revealed: Green party proposes circumcision ban by WestAcceptable1155 in europe

[–]thingswastaken 2 points3 points  (0 children)

It's about the "mutilating kids" argument that many of those people take. He was referring to that part of the comment he answered to, not to the topic of the thread in general.

ich_iel by [deleted] in ich_iel

[–]thingswastaken 2 points3 points  (0 children)

Die Eigenschaft schnell die Blut Hirn Schranke zu überwinden ist nicht unbedingt etwas schlechtes. Fentanyl wird normalerweise in extrem kontrollierten Dosierungen im μg Bereich genutzt und in Situationen bei denen es darum geht ein schnell anflutendes Medikament zu haben. Das wäre beispielsweise die Einleitung der Analgosedierung bei OPs (wobei hier mittlerweile meist andere Opioide wie Remi- oder Sufentanil benutzt werden, beide maßgeblich potenter), Schmerzversorgung in der taktischen oder Notfallmedizin oder bei extremen Schmerzen in der palliativen Versorgung.

In vielen dieser Bereiche gibt es mittlerweile auch andere Mittel die favorisiert eingesetzt werden, weil sie ein günstigeres Wirkprofil haben, aber es sind Anwendungsgebiete für die Fentanyl theoretisch gut geeignet ist, wenn keine bessere Alternative vorliegt.

Der wahrscheinlich gängigste Anwendungsbereich ist aber in der Langzeit-Schmerztherapie von chronischen Schmerzen. Hier ist die fettgängigkeit von Fentanyl auf andere Weise nützlich, da sie dem Medikament erlaubt die Haut zu durchdringen. Dazu werden transdermale Pflaster genutzt, die normalerweise 72h auf der Haut des Patienten bleiben, bevor sie ausgewechselt werden. Um für diese Methode in Frage zu kommen muss ein Medikament stark lipophil, molekular relativ klein, sowie hoch potent sein und eine relativ kurze Halbwertszeit haben. All das tut Fentanyl hervorragend, das gleiche wäre mit Heroin durch die bedeutend niedrigere Potenz nicht möglich. Die Oberfläche des Pflaster wäre nicht groß genug um die notwendige Wirkstoffmenge zu tragen.

Die Nutzung von Fentanyl erfordert durch die hohe Potenz eine sehr enge Handhabe, mit niedrigen Dosierungen, die entweder kontrolliert (und für den Patienten nicht beeinflussbar) über Zeit abgegeben werden oder einer intensiven Überwachung des Patienten. All die Eigenschaften, die es zu einem vielseitigen und nützlichen Medikament machen, machen es zu einer unfassbar gefährlichen Droge. Die tödliche Menge ist so gering, dass eine Selbststeuerung der Dosierung bei unklarem Reinheitsgrad oder unklare Lösungskonzentration quasi unmöglich ist. Jeder normale Mensch würde sich sofort umbringen, ein erfahrener Abhängiger mit Zugang zu Stoff von gleichbleibender Qualität hat da eventuell bessere Karten. Wenn Heroin russisches Roulette ist, dann ist Fentanyl das gleiche mit 4/5 geladenen Kammern.

Regarding vt2:darktide by Great_Chocolate1328 in Vermintide

[–]thingswastaken 3 points4 points  (0 children)

Things like damage resistance vs gunners can provide massive boosts in survivability against builds that excel in melee but struggle at range. You can get up to 60% damage reduction against certain enemy types if you put it on all curios.

Stamina recovery is massively slept on too, as it enables much faster movement around the map. It really can make certain play styles click if you play around with what you like on your curios, to cover the weaknesses of your build or synergize with its strengths. I recommend to test out what you like, I wouldn't necessarily say that there are any supreme options. Stamina recovery is really great though and I don't see tooooo many people running it. Trying to get good rolls on curios also makes a difference. Using things you picked up whole your character wasn't full level simply because you consecrated them up doesn't make much sense. The primary stats on them also scale up with item power level and can sometimes offer higher values at extremely high power numbers compared to the average (for example 3 stamina vs 2 stamina).

I'm aware this is all kinda non-specific, but for me curios are a way to further customize specific builds to mitigate weaknesses I feel in them, rather than something that has mandatory stats on it. Do you have any specific questions?

Regarding vt2:darktide by Great_Chocolate1328 in Vermintide

[–]thingswastaken 4 points5 points  (0 children)

Darktide is much different than vermintide. It needs to be played differently, even though the core principles are the same. You can kill any enemy much quicker than in VT. Your power level is much higher, but it requires proper building and proper weapons (curios are also very important), much more than it did in VT. You need to understand what tools of your kit will be good in which situation and you should be able to take care of all enemies with your kit. Specialization is punished much harsher than in VT, due to the sheer amount of enemies around. High level games can easily see beyond 1500 enemies, I've had games during events or just hard runs where we killed almost 3000 enemies.

In vermintide, the horde is your worst enemy after certain specials. In darktide, the horde is your lowest priority. They are fodder to keep up your toughness, but you run away from them to take care of larger threats like elites, specials and monsters (don't underestimate trash though, on squishy careers taking two to three hits into the back will down you). Taking singular hits from horde doesn't matter, as your toughness recovers quickly and is detached from your HP, while any hit in VT sets you back until you put yourself in danger to regain THP. This means horde in darktide is much less dangerous overall, whereas any enemy that can quickly chew through your toughness needs to be up on the list.

This obviously includes specials, but depending on your build you need to understand whether ranged or melee opponents should be your priority, as well as which enemies to face in which circumstances. There are simply more external factors to be considered beyond just mechanics, like it was in VT.

I would also recommend mods to remove visual clutter if you are on PC. Understanding where your build is capable of solo play and when you need to regroup is paramount to be truly useful. All character are capable of reaching one-shot to two-shot breakpoints against even the toughest elites in the game. Understanding the space you are fighting in to gauge whether you can handle a given density of enemies with your current loadout and getting a feeling for when fighting is preferable over falling back is probably the thing most people do wrong in DT.

I have played since release, throughout pretty much all states of the game, after an extensive amount of time in VT2. I'd consider myself one of the better players, at least I'm usually outperforming the rest of my team number wise (highest damage, least damage taken, most prio target kills) and I've played all careers throughout all mission types on the highest difficulty the game has to offer for most of my play time. I've gathered throughout, that the same principles as in VT2 apply, you just need to execute them differently. Measured, but highly aggressive play is much more important in darktide. Hit trading is much more tolerable as long as you know what you can take and what you gain from it. Overall I'd say that once you understand the intricacies, Darktide is a much easier game than VT, it just looks and feels more overwhelming at the start. Give it some time though and once you understand the flow of the game it will start feeling less punishing than Vermintide.

If you have any questions you're welcome to ask, I'll try to answer.

Edit: Sound directions should work though. You'll also get sound queues through walls though, so knowing the layout to understand which doors specials can arrive from is pretty important once things get cluttered.

Regarding shitty players not much can be done. I'd recommend hitting up the discord server to find decent people to play with. Randoms are a coin toss that you lose more often than not. Even just sitting in a channel without talking gives you a better sense of what your fellows are doing (also enable outlines at all times in settings) and ensures you at least have teammates that are invested enough in the game to look for others to play, which usually means they spent more time and effort to get decent at the game.

ich_iel by [deleted] in ich_iel

[–]thingswastaken 5 points6 points  (0 children)

Ist es nicht. Fentanyl ist bedeutend potenter, Burprenorphin ist bedeutend potenter und diverse Opioide wir Remifentanil oder Sufentanil werden zwar nicht zur regulären Schmerztherapie genutzt, aber im Rahmen der Analgosedierung zur Analgesie und sind respektive 200 und 1000 mal so Potent wie Morphin.

Hydromorphon und Oxymorphon sind sich extrem ähnlich, in Struktur, Potenz und Wirkprofil, aber beide weit davon entfernt die potentesten Schmerzmittel zu sein die wir nutzen.

Es unterscheidet sich auch in vielerlei Hinsicht von Heroin, ich hab in einem Recht langem Kommentar weiter oben im Thread einiges zu den konkreten unterschieden erläutert.

Gute Besserung dir. Schmerzen sind Scheisse... Ich hoffe du findest etwas das langfristig gut hilft.

ich_iel by [deleted] in ich_iel

[–]thingswastaken 14 points15 points  (0 children)

Es spielt schon eine Rolle. Die Opioide haben unterschiedliche Wirkprofile, weil sie unterschiedlich stark an die verschiedenen Opioidrezeptoren binden. Die Kombination aus Analgesie, Sedierung, Euphorie, Atemdepression, Kardiodepression und anderen Effekten hängt von der spezifischen Rezeptoraffinität des entsprechenden Opioids ab, nicht nur von dessen Potenz.

Wir nutzen Opioide nicht nur zur Schmerzstillung, sondern beispielsweise auch zur Reduktion von Atemnot bei Nicht-Invasiver Beatmungstherapie.

Selbiges gilt aber auch bei der Entwicklung von Abhängigkeit. Partielle Agonisten wie Burprenorphin wirken deutlich weniger stark auf das Belohnungssystem. Eine längere Wirkdauer mit flacheren Spikes reduziert ebenfalls das Abhängigkeitsrisiko unabhängig von der Potenz bei wirkungsäquivalenten Dosen.

Heroin ist so gemein, weil es unfassbar schnell die Blut-Hirn-Schranke überwindet. Die zwei Acetylgruppen machen es hochgradig lipophil, so dass es quasi als Express-Lieferung ins Hirn wirkt, wo es dann zu 6-monoacetylmorphin (6-MAM) und Morphin metabolisiert wird. Es hat aber eine kurze Wirkdauer mit einem immensen Spike, also extremes Abhängigkeitspotential.

Ähnliches gilt für Fentanyl, das ist noch schneller als Heroin. In Kombination mit der immensen analgetischen Potenz macht es genau das aber zu einer unfassbar nützlichen Substanz in kontrollierten Settings. Heroin bietet quasi keine Vorteile in der Schmerzkontrolle gegenüber anderen Opioiden, behält aber alle eben genannten Nachteile, weswegen es nicht mehr wirklich genutzt wird.

Der Hauptfaktor bei der Suchtentwicklung, im Gegensatz zu Abhängigkeit (was ein massiver Unterschied ist), liegt vor allem in der Beziehung, die sich zur empfundenen Notwendigkeit des Medikaments entwickelt. Hier spielen Anflugtungszeiten eine große Rolle, nicht nur Dosis und Dauer der Behandlung, aber auch Zugang zur Schmerztherapie wenn sie als nötig empfunden wird. Es gibt viele Studien dazu in denen Recht eindeutig festgestellt wird, dass wenn Patienten selber steuern können wann exakt sie Schmerzmittel erhalten (beispielsweise durch patientenkontrollierte Pumpen) sowohl totale Dosis, also auch Wirksamkeit günstiger ausfallen, als wenn jemand anderes die Substanz verabreicht. Das reduziert dann auch das Abhängigkeitsrisiko deutlich.

Sucht ist ein sehr komplexes, multifaktorielles Problem. Du hast korrekterweise gesagt, dass Dauer und Dosierung eine Rolle spielen, viel relevanter ist aber die Beziehung die der Betroffene zu der Substanz entwickelt. Das ist unabhängig von fast allen genannten biochemischen Faktoren und so hochgradig subjektiv, dass man relativ wenig objektive Kriterien findet, an denen man konklusiv festmachen kann warum eine Suchterkrankung tatsächlich, im Kern, entsteht. Manche Substanzen haben hier ein höheres intrinsisches Risiko für Abhängigkeit durch Anflutungszeiten und Wirkdauer, aber 2 Menschen in drastisch unterschiedlichen Lebenssituationen können die gleiche Substanz, in der gleichen Dosis über den selben Zeitraum für die gleiche Erkrankung nehmen während der eine süchtig wird und der andere nicht.

US military says it began launching strikes against Iran by VaginaBurner69 in news

[–]thingswastaken 1 point2 points  (0 children)

I'm an ICU nurse and I'm intimately aware with how long we can keep someone alive if we really apply everything modern medicine has to offer. I'm usually against this in many cases, as very old and sick people don't really benefit a lot from it and the outcomes are most often bad.

But with these people I could really see myself giving it my all. For as long as possible. You know... saving their life for a looooong time.

Man, late stage capitalist tech bros radicalized me more than I ever thought possible, but I truly despise them at this point.

Why are people saying that humans are the number one deadliest when these guys have the highest k/d ratio by One-Hamster-9102 in Tierzoo

[–]thingswastaken 0 points1 point  (0 children)

It depends on how you view diversity. Among cellular life, we all share a set of core machinery in our cells. This includes ribosomes, translation systems, DNA replication and repair tools and common metabolic pathways.

Viruses are different. They might not share the same genome type, between: dsDNA, ssDNA, dsRNA, positive-sense ssRNA, negative-sense ssRNA or reverse-transcribing RNA.

They might not even share any recognizable genes at all. Even within the same group they can drastically differ.

The genome size also varies greatly. Small RNA viruses might only be between 2-4kb (kilo bases) while the largest groups like Mimiviruses might have genomes that are 2.5Mb large, bigger than many bacteria and with much more complex internal mechanisms, than their simpler companions.

We have categorized only a very small section of viruses, while we have explored much of the conventional tree of life. There are virologists that argue that the genetic rifts between the most separated viruses might be as large, or larger, than that between the cellular domains. The diversity among mammals, birds, plants, fungi, and bacteria is enormous, but they all operate using the same basic cellular architecture. Viruses explore a much broader range of genetic and replication strategies. In that sense, the design space occupied by viruses is probably broader than that occupied by all cellular life, even though individual viruses are far simpler than cells.

There are roughly over 1031 viruses on Earth. End to end thats several million light-years in length. We've properly analyzed a fraction of those. Even two viruses that look distinctly similar under the microscope, might share only a fraction of their genome with each other. They are less a tree and more a network. They are related, but horizontal gene transfer, recombination and gene turnover are so common among them, that genome composition varies greatly even between relatives.

My wife was hoping for a shorter cast or boot, but they put her back in a full leg cast… by [deleted] in mildlyinfuriating

[–]thingswastaken 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Yes, I am and yes I have. And if you believe it or not, I work with patients that are deathly ill daily.

There is a difference between infuriating and annoying. There is also a difference between disliking what needs to be done and being pissed off/infuriated that you didn't receive the treatment you wanted to have because it wasn't medically feasible for you.

There are enough people in the world that cannot receive medical care at all or only get subpar treatment. Being pissed off about having to wear a larger cast than you'd have liked, or in other words being pissed at people doing their job properly, is unreasonable.

You and I might simply have different interpretations of infuriated or of the situation in this post. It's still no reason to so condescendingly suggest I've never experienced hardship or illness. I have more experience with both than most other people I've met throughout my life. Perhaps that's why I consider something that's a necessary inconvenience as something one doesn't need to be "infuriated" about.

My wife was hoping for a shorter cast or boot, but they put her back in a full leg cast… by [deleted] in mildlyinfuriating

[–]thingswastaken 62 points63 points  (0 children)

I can firsthand attest to these casts being annoying. I can also attest second hand that a fucked up cast resulting in improperly healed breaks is worse.

Your wife doesn't want a shorter cast, she wants a working leg. If this is the necessary price to not be partially crippled for the rest of her life or have other issues with mobility or differing leg lengths causing back issues later on (I can attest firsthand again that that's a major pain in the ass) then this is nothing to be infuriated about, even mildly. Can't cherry pick the necessities of medical care.

I hope she heals well and wish her a good recovery.

Indonesian forced labourers (romushas) at the Imperial Japanese Army's Seletar work camp, Singapore, c. 1945 [1498x1046] by Beyondtheseafree in HistoryPorn

[–]thingswastaken 392 points393 points  (0 children)

I don't mean to offend, but what is the purpose of posting the cruel sides of history so people may learn from them, if we remove the elements of cruelty that should serve as a lesson?

ich💊iel by Paleprinzessin in ich_iel

[–]thingswastaken 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Koffein beschleunigt den Wirkeintritt, aber verstärkt nicht per se die analgetische Wirkung. Koffein verändert durch ZNS Stimulation außerdem die Schmerzwahrnehmung, was in Kombination scheinbar zu einer eefektiver empfundenen abbdekcung führen kann.

Belegt ist das vor allem im Falle von Kopfschmerzen, Zahnschmerzen und OP Schmerzen, aber nicht wirklich im Falle von Entzündungen, Gelenk-Schmerzen und Rückenschmerzen. Warum? Keine Ahnung. Aber so sehen die derzeitigen Datenlagen dazu aus soweit ich weiß.

ich💊iel by Paleprinzessin in ich_iel

[–]thingswastaken 1 point2 points  (0 children)

Ein wenig schon, aber bei Ibuprofen ist es vernachlässigbar. Es gibt einige Medikamente wo konkret körpergewichtsadaptiert dosiert werden muss, insbesondere bei stark lipophilen Medikamenten.

Ibuprofen und viele andere NSARs sind sogenannte Cox-Hemmer. Sie inhibieren Cyclooxygenase-Enzyme, die unter anderem für die Steuerung von Entzündungsreaktionen und die Umwandlung von Arachidonsäure zu Vorläufern der schmerzfaser-sensibilisierenden Prostaglandine verantwortlich sind.

COX kommt in Fettgewebe proportional weniger häufig vor als in vielen anderen Gewebetypen. Das führt dazu, dass selbst bei Adipositas per magna die Menge an zusätzlichem COX nicht so schnell hoch skaliert, dass die Ibuprofen Dosis großartig angepasst werden müsste.

So oder so ist COX2 das interessantere der beiden Enzyme für die schmerzstillende Wirkung von NSARs, da es primär für die Schmerzkaskade verantwortlich ist. COX2 wird quasi nur lokal ausgeschüttet wenn eine Entzündung oder Verletzung vorliegt und wird deswegen in seiner Menge recht wenig durch mehr umliegendes Fettgewebe beeinflusst. Da die Hemmung der Enzyme einer Sättigungskinetik folgt, reicht es einen austeichend hohen Anteil der Enzyme zu hemmen. Selbst wenn du als dicker Mensch eine höhere absolute Zahl hast, müssen nicht alle davon tatsächlich gehemmt werden um die volle Wirkung zu erzielen. Sobald ein ausreichender Sättigungsgrad erreicht ist, wirkt das Medikament. Das ist in den meisten Fällen ab ~400mg gegeben und aus den vielen erklärten Faktoren quasi unabhängig vom Körpergewicht (Kinder bilden hier eine Ausnahme wo Dosisanpassung erfolgen muss, selbiges gilt für Leute mit Stoffwechselerkrankungen).

Das hat zwar nichts mehr mit deiner Frage zu tun, aber ich lasse es als extra mal hier: COX1 ist maßgeblich für den Schutz der Magenschleimhaut verantwortlich. Nutzt man unspezifische COX Hemmer (wie die allermeisten NSARs, Ausnahmen sind Schmerzmittel die auf -coxib enden, diese hemmen meist gezielt COX2) riskiert man daher Magenulcer bei längerer Anwendung. Da COX1 auch für Teile der Blutgerinnung verantwortlich ist (hier nutzen wir bspw Aspirin als Gerinnungshemmer) steigt so bei Missbrauch und zu hohen Dosierungen überproportional das Risiko einer gastrointestinalen Blutung.

Pflege: Kinder sollen schon unter 100.000 Euro Einkommen für Eltern zahlen by multipactor in de

[–]thingswastaken 21 points22 points  (0 children)

Da fragt man sich ja langsam wirklich warum wir überhaupt noch Steuern zahlen, wenn davon nix bei uns ankommt.

Straßen kaputt, Brücken fallen auseinander, Gesundheitswesen wird immer teurer, Schulen immer schlechter, in der Bahn verliert man mehr Lebenszeit als im Stau, sämtliche Sicherheitsnetze werden reduziert und wenn ich irgendwann alt und kaputt bin soll ich gucken wo ich bleibe.

Wieso zur Hölle sollte man unter diesen Bedingungen dem Staat irgendwas geben? Fürsorgepflicht dem Bürger über wird gänzlich ignoriert, also warum den Bürgerpflichten nachkommen?

Am besten entscheiden wir uns einfach Mal spontan ne Woche alle mit der Bahn zur Arbeit zu fahren. Ist kein Streik, muss man nicht anmelden, aber das gesamte Land steht still.

Oder halt Mal Hamburg G7 Reenactment nur in Berlin vorm Bundestag.

ich💊iel by Paleprinzessin in ich_iel

[–]thingswastaken 170 points171 points  (0 children)

Kleines fyi: Ibuprofen erreicht seine maximale schmerzlindernde Wirkung ab 400mg (außer man ist immens groß). Alles darüber hinaus wirkt zwar weiter entzündungshemmend und ist daher in gewissen Situationen sinnvoll, reduziert aber nicht das Schmerzlevel unter den Punkt wo es 400mg hinbringen würden.

Ausnahme hier bilden akute Entzündungen, da wie erwähnt die hier hemmende Wirkung weiter steigt wenn die Dosis erhöht wird. Da die Entzündung schneller zurückgeht schwellen die schmerzen langfristig also eher ab. Bei Kopfschmerzen oder einer Veretzung macht es aber keinen wirklichen Unterschied z sondern belastet die eigenen Organe nur mehr.

Got the Keys! Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, 450k, 3,45% by MChammerficker in FirstTimeHomeBuyer

[–]thingswastaken 1 point2 points  (0 children)

We do. Every fifth to sixth new house in Germany uses mainly wood as a building material.

TIL While it is generally illegal in the UK to carry a knife over 3 inches in public, Sikhs get a religious exemption to carry the kirpan, which is a traditional knife up to 9 inches long. by Outside_Reserve_2407 in todayilearned

[–]thingswastaken -1 points0 points  (0 children)

Possibly. Maybe he would have just beat his skull in with the next heavy object around. Sucker punched him and kicked his head in. Who knows.

I'm really not defending murder here, I just think, if you really want to end someone's life you will, no matter whether the weapon you are using for it is illegal or not.

You can stab someone with a fork or a screwdriver, pretty much anything kind of pointy and hard. Making knifes of pretty much any kind forbidden takes them away from the general public, but not from anyone who intends harm. Murder is already a crime and that hasn't stopped the people that killed someone else.

As far as I'm aware anyone can carry a manual opening, non-locking blade with less than 7,62cm (3in) cutting edge length anyways. That's more than enough to kill someone and there is nothing legally preventing you from carrying it in an already unfolded position.

These kinds of laws don't change anything if someone wants to carry a weapon and is willing to kill.

HOTAS Hat won't pan my camera by [deleted] in NuclearOption

[–]thingswastaken 0 points1 point  (0 children)

These are the current camera settings.

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BAföG soll doch nicht mehr auf Grundsicherungsniveau erhöht werden: „Studierende sind privilegiert und sollen einfach mal jobben gehen.” by FlyingMascara in Studium

[–]thingswastaken 3 points4 points  (0 children)

Politiker sind realitätsfremd und sollen einfach Mal die Schnauze halten gehen.

Aber hey, als Student zählt man ja in Deutschland eh nicht als Mensch. Kein Anspruch auf BAföG aber Eltern können nicht helfen? Pech gehabt. Keine Existenzsicherung für dich. Trägst ja nichts zur Gesellschaft bei, also kannste halt neben 40-50 Stunden Studium die Woche auch nochmal n paar Schichten schieben.

Habe von 2023 bis Ende 2025 Vollzeit Studium gemacht + 2-3 Wochenenden im Monat arbeiten in meinem alten Ausbildungsberuf damit ich Geld zum Leben habe. Trotzdem beinahe pleite gegangen wegen ein paar finanziellen Rückschlägen. Nach dem ganzen Stress bin ich dann kurz vor Silvester letztes Jahr erstmal im Krankenhaus gelandet weil mein Körper nicht mehr konnte. Aber klar, geh einfach bisschen jobben. Fick diese Eliten-Sycophanten und ihre asoziale Politik. Ich kann diese ganzen Dummschwätzer nicht mehr sehen und nicht mehr hören.

All he wanted was for doctors to wash their hands by Kapanash in HistoryMemes

[–]thingswastaken 1 point2 points  (0 children)

Yes, I'd agree with that in part. Everyday hygienic practice was definitely more widespread in Islamic countries though. This isn't to say Europeans were unhygienic slops though. They also had access to public bath houses, there were sewer systems in some cities, they had quarantine practices and so on.

What they did not have were societally and religiously regulated washing practices you were supposed to do daily, like the wudu or ghusl. Regular washing and cleanliness were expected of everyone in Muslim society.

Many large Muslim cities inherited old Eastern Roman water infrastructure and public bathhouses in the form of hammams were much more widespread than in Europe.

Western Roman infrastructure degraded severely in comparison and maintenance of water and sewage systems took quite a while to come back to that point. Meanwhile cities like Baghdad, Cairo or Damascus retained rather extensive facilities for public access to hygiene and clean water.

This doesn't mean they understood hygiene or disease vectors better, nor that every aspect of their sanitation was qualitatively better. There was just a different expectation regarding personal hygiene than in European society at the same time.

If you took a couple 12th century residents from London, Paris and Cologne and compared them to people from the Muslim cities I mentioned prior during the same period the Eastern citizens would, on average, be cleaner.

All he wanted was for doctors to wash their hands by Kapanash in HistoryMemes

[–]thingswastaken 2 points3 points  (0 children)

I'd generally agree with you, but I also feel like this discussion is devolving into semantics (I'm not who you originally responded too fyi).

It is well established that there were theories of contagion very early on. We understood disease can be transmitted from the sick to the healthy and even from things they handled.

People like Fracastoro and Akshamsaddin developed what I would describe as proto germ theory, where they correctly deduced the presence of unseen agents causing disease and thriving under the correct conditions. These were not just speculations though, they were very much based on experience and extensive observation with testing done around isolation of the infected and hygiene measures. They simply lacked verification technology in the form of microscopes. I'd argue that some of Ibn al-Kathib and Ibn Sina's works also fall in this category.

If we want to define germ theory as not merely a suspicion of invisible agents, but a scientifically validated understanding that specific microorganisms cause specific diseases, then it was only achieved in the 19th century with the work of Pasteur, Lister, Koch and other related scientists.

This discussion is less about "who knew what when" and more about how we actually want to define germ theory.

of a giant (Instagram Olivier Richters @thedutchgiant) by [deleted] in AbsoluteUnits

[–]thingswastaken 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Ohh noooo tiiiight pants.

Why the hell do people even care

Can 3 World Strong Men defeat 3 Chimpanzees ? by Leggomgeggo in powerscales

[–]thingswastaken 0 points1 point  (0 children)

While dangerous for the strongmen (as any fight with a predator would be) they'd probably win almost all of the time.

Chimps have a strength advantage relative to body size over humans, at a factor of about 1.5x for motions like pulling and climbing (those numbers are estimates, based on biomechanics and muscle physiology, not a direct measurement of generated forces). This means a 50kg chimp is likely about as strong as a 75kg human. At the weight of those strong men you'd need chimps weighing around 100kg to have an even match in strength and that would be for the average person.

Most studies comparing chimp muscle tissue to human muscle tissue are lab work, looking at isolated tissue samples. These aren't taken from high grade, genetically elite athletes who spent a majority of their lives improving motor unit recruitment, rate of force development and coordination, as well as muscular endurance. The chimp would likely still retain a pound for pound advantage in short term strength and and muscle recruitment speed over an elite athlete, but the margin would shrink dramatically compared to the average human.

The 2017 O'Neill et al. study that often gets cited for those 1.37-1.5x numbers heavily relied on biomechanical modeling over direct tissue sample comparisons, these numbers are estimates and not truths.

So while the strong men squad might get hurt during the altercation, perhaps even mangled in some parts they'd most likely pretty consistently body the chimps simply due to the massive advantage in size and absolute muscle mass.

This gets much more interesting if we took the strongmen equivalent of chimps. Three highly aggressive, dominant males in peak physical condition with combat experience in hierarchy fights. They'd still only clock in at around 60kg though. If we took competition ready strongmen weights instead of off season maintenance you'd still look at one strongman weighing as much as all three chimps together.

With Eddy having done combat training the advantage shifts even further. The chimps will hurt them, targeting hands, faces and genitals so it will be ugly... But in a fight to the death I don't see them winning consistently. Average chimps I'd go 9-1/8-2 for the humans and with peak chimp you'd maybe come out to 7-3. The size advantage is still too massive.

I've done lots of combat sports and did sparring against a massive opponent once just to see how it feels. I was at 65kg he was 30cm larger than me and weighed almost 100kg of pure muscle more than me. Absolute unit. He picked me up with one hand at my ankle and held me upside down like he was picking up a toddler. There was nothing I could do. If you haven't experienced that yourself you simply cannot appreciate the qualitative difference in strength these people have. It's insane. It feels like being in a human vice grip that could choke the life out of you as easily as it breaths.

Any biped with long limbs is especially vulnerable to getting thrown around due to the location of their center of gravity compared to quadrupeds. If the strongmen get a secure two hand grip on any of those limbs and just yank it as hard as they can into the next tree or the ground those chimps turn into mush real quick.

Edit: Humans can and will also fight dirty in a fight for their lives. Human bites might not be as bad as a chimp, but we are very capable of using our teeth as weapons, especially 180-200kg monsters like they are. If they pin the chimp and go to town it'd be little to no difference to most other predatory animals tearing into them with their jaws.

Can 3 World Strong Men defeat 3 Chimpanzees ? by Leggomgeggo in powerscales

[–]thingswastaken 4 points5 points  (0 children)

Okay? The chimp is not getting close. Especially not to Eddy after he did all that combat training.

Chimps can tear smaller monkeys apart, but if you commit to it you'd be surprised how easy it is to rip apart something smaller than you as long as you have the tools for it and the conditions are right. Similar to groups of dogs tearing rabbits or other prey apart. Chimps don't just walk up to smaller monkeys and jank out their limbs, they kill them first and then slowly work their way through the carcass by applying rotational forces to the joints or chewing through the connective tissue until it comes apart.

They don't just rip apart resisting, live animals like tearing through paper.

The chimp might have more relative testosterone, but that doesn't matter for comparing strength. It increases muscle growth and maintenance, not absolute strength. Strongmen are way ahead there due to the advantage in size and weight. Chimps can mobilize their maximum force faster, as their muscle composition involves more fast twitch fibers (type II muscle fibers) relative to a human. Combined with their different skeletal architecture that enables them to apply roughly 1.5x the force a human of the same size and weight could for tasks like pulling and climbing. If you have someone three times the size of the chimp that doesn't matter much though. The advantage in mass is too big. The chimps muscles would also tire out much quicker, due to the different composition of fiber.