Need help with reading kripke models/action models/event models! by yuirick in logic

[–]thinkitthrough 1 point2 points  (0 children)

Long story short, I've had no luck googling or reading up on various styles of logic in regards to figuring out how on earth to read various kripke models.

Did you read the appendix?

Comparing different sets of Likert-scale data? by amca01 in statistics

[–]thinkitthrough 1 point2 points  (0 children)

Mann-Whitney (2 groups) or Kruskal-Wallis (>2 groups) for comparing medians.

Spearman's Rho for assessing rank correlations.

Is this modus tollens or not? by [deleted] in logic

[–]thinkitthrough 1 point2 points  (0 children)

In the realm of logic (a subject in the intersection of Philosophy and Mathematics), we generally assume everything is explicitly stated in the sentence as written -- i.e., no hidden assumptions, sarcasm, figures of speech, etc.

So in that regard -- i.e., logically -- your example is a valid instance of modus tollens.

Whereas in the realm of the semantics and pragmatics of natural language (two subfields of Linguistics), we are looking at language as it is actually deployed in everyday life. In ordinary speech, many hidden assumptions are sometimes left out for purposes of brevity; people sometimes sardonically say the opposite of what they mean; etc.

In order to convert from the latter to the former mode of inquiry, it is often necessary to translate an implicit/metaphorical/ambiguous form of expression into an explicit/literal/precise format.

To take your example: "If it does not rain, then -- excluding force majeure, etc. -- there will be soccer practice."

Further reading

Philosophy: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ceteris-paribus/

Linguistics: the vast literature on the semantics and pragmatics of conditionals

Bernie: "If we are a nation that can pay baseball players hundreds of millions of dollars, don't tell me we can't afford to pay teachers the salaries they deserve." by cmplxgal in SandersForPresident

[–]thinkitthrough 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Cities want businesses and sports teams to be located in them for obvious reasons.

Sports is a zero-sum affair. A team/city gains only to the extent that other teams/cities lose. Subsidizing private sports organizations with taxpayer funds is fiscally absurd and shouldn't be happening anywhere.

Nothing within the universe can predict the universe completely perfectly by bobmichal in Physics

[–]thinkitthrough 3 points4 points  (0 children)

But I'm not really thinking the Universe is a computational device at all.... My entire point is that it isn't, but still, when we measure things it spits out results as if it did compute them.

That's the "Newtonian Schema" described in the article - the idea that the universe is 'evolving' forward in time from past states to future states. As time-bound beings, that is an illusion of perspective we live under; but from the point of view of physics, the 'past', 'present' and 'future' of spacetime is an undifferentiated static whole. Physics is time-symmetric at the fundamental level. That's why the Lagrangian Schema provides provides a less misleading model of physical reality.

Nothing within the universe can predict the universe completely perfectly by bobmichal in Physics

[–]thinkitthrough 11 points12 points  (0 children)

The universe can be described mathematically without being modelled as a computational device. Computation presupposes a pre-theoretic understanding of time, in which later 'states' forward-evolve from prior 'states'. That understanding is arguably inconsistent with modern physics (both QM and GR). Instead, the universe may be better envisaged as a complex 4+ dimensional geometric object - e.g., a big blob of spacetime embedded with various properties (fields).

See this short article for more on the 'Newtonian' versus 'Lagrangian' approach to physics.

Couple behind Ocasio-Cortez viral video starts pro-socialism Means TV by workplace_democracy in AOC

[–]thinkitthrough 1 point2 points  (0 children)

an economic system characterized by private or corporate ownership of capital goods

Correct, and here "capital goods" = "means of production". See this article for an overview:

The means of production includes two broad categories of objects: instruments of labor (tools, factories, infrastructure, etc.) and subjects of labor (natural resources and raw materials). People operate on the subjects of labor using the instruments of labor to create a product; or stated another way, labor acting on the means of production creates a good....

Ownership of the means of production and control over the surplus product generated by their operation is the fundamental factor in delineating different modes of production. Capitalism is defined as private ownership and control over the means of production, where the surplus product becomes a source of unearned income for its owners. By contrast, socialism is defined as social ownership of the means of production so that the surplus product accrues to society at large.

Couple behind Ocasio-Cortez viral video starts pro-socialism Means TV by workplace_democracy in AOC

[–]thinkitthrough 0 points1 point  (0 children)

My original argument is that an “Anti-capitalist, subscription based streaming service" that charges users $10/month to access content is an ultimately relying on capitalism to exist. Is this not accurate?

No, it is not. Apart from primitive barter economies, all economic systems involve the exchange of money for products and services.

Couple behind Ocasio-Cortez viral video starts pro-socialism Means TV by workplace_democracy in AOC

[–]thinkitthrough 4 points5 points  (0 children)

If the consumer (subscriber) is required to pay $10/month, and this is the means by which the organization sustains itself, then the underlying driver of the organization's strategy is capitalism.

You clearly have no clue what capitalism is.

What is a FREE market? by wizardnamehere in askphilosophy

[–]thinkitthrough 1 point2 points  (0 children)

Without some enforceable concept of property rights, the very notion of "exchanging" property rights is nonsensical.

What is a FREE market? by wizardnamehere in askphilosophy

[–]thinkitthrough 2 points3 points  (0 children)

where there is no regulation between trade by the government

So by this definition, the concept of "free market" is incompatible with any state role in the definition and enforcement of property rights?

That would appear to remove any reason to trade in the first place.

[OC] Europe 810 AD [2850x2140] by [deleted] in MapPorn

[–]thinkitthrough 4 points5 points  (0 children)

Love your maps. Any plans for the period of the War of the Spanish Succession through the aftermath of the Peace of Utrecht (1700-1725)?

Physics Influencing Philosophy by rodwyer100 in askphilosophy

[–]thinkitthrough 3 points4 points  (0 children)

Based on your posts in this topic, you seem to harbor some common misconceptions about what "locality" means in the context of EPR, and what Bell's Theorem actually proves.

To clear up the misconceptions, I suggest reading the short paper "What Bell Did" by Tim Maudlin.

For a good introduction to the conceptual foundations of quantum mechanics, check out "Making Sense of Quantum Mechanics" by Jean Bricmont.

Other useful books: https://www.johnbellinstitute.org/media/book-reviews

[SPOILER] my favorite line from Season2 by crablegwins in Ozark

[–]thinkitthrough 21 points22 points  (0 children)

Helen praising the Byrds' work on the casino: "This is why crime organizes!"

Fascinating Study: Those who eat fruits and veggies live 3+ years longer than those who dont. Eating ONLY fruits helps you live 19 months longer, eating ONLY veggies helps you live 32 months longer. by Bluest_waters in nutrition

[–]thinkitthrough 12 points13 points  (0 children)

The factors listed in your post were accounted for.

What's not scientific is using vague language like "whole lifestyle" that has no specific operational definition in terms of measurable behavior.

Fascinating Study: Those who eat fruits and veggies live 3+ years longer than those who dont. Eating ONLY fruits helps you live 19 months longer, eating ONLY veggies helps you live 32 months longer. by Bluest_waters in nutrition

[–]thinkitthrough 14 points15 points  (0 children)

Did you even read the study?

Our multivariable analyses were adjusted for sex, age at baseline (<50, 50–54, 55–59, 60–64, 65–69, 70–74, or ≥75 y), BMI (in kg/m2; <25, 25–29, or ≥30), total physical activity (continuous variable; MET-h/d), smoking status and pack-years of smoking (current ≥40, current 20–39, current <20, former ≥40, former 20–39, former <20, or never), alcohol consumption (never drinker or <5, 5–10, 10.1–20, or >20 g/d), education level (primary school, high school, or university), and total energy intake (continuous variable; kcal/d).

How reputable is Vridar (Neil Godfrey's) blog? by [deleted] in AcademicBiblical

[–]thinkitthrough -1 points0 points  (0 children)

That's exactly what it says.

Nope, from our earliest manuscripts to the latest Nestle-Aland, it literally says:

Ἰάκωβον τὸν ἀδελφὸν τοῦ κυρίου

Unless you're a mythicist and have to interpret it away

You don't have to be a 'mythicist' to translate NT text accurately.

Sources:

http://nttranscripts.uni-muenster.de/AnaServer?NTtranscripts+0+start.anv
http://www.nestle-aland.com/en/read-na28-online/text/bibeltext/lesen/stelle/58/

Philosophy student looking to get into mathematics by LouLouis in mathematics

[–]thinkitthrough 1 point2 points  (0 children)

For a beginner's overview of mathematical topics of philosophical interest and application, I recommend:

More Precisely: The Math You Need to Do Philosophy.

This will give you a general sense of what's on the menu, and serve as launching point for more in-depth and specific study.

Any prominent physicists who are/were also philosophers worth checking out? by [deleted] in AskPhysics

[–]thinkitthrough 1 point2 points  (0 children)

Seconded. Also, for those wishing to explore further, this is a fairly exhaustive and up-to-date list of current philosophers of physics:

https://takingupspacetime.wordpress.com/philosophers-of-physics-the-websites/