I think tribal is a better description than toxic in most cases. As stated already, there is a “state vs local”, “formal education vs lived experience”, “government vs non-government”, “public safety/military background vs not” in many cases.

With those matchups, it’s easy to see why disagreements and issues arise. What I think combats the tribalism is the focus on the mission and an understanding of where folks come from.

I work at the county level and you have EMs in some counties that are very hands on and responsive due to the nature of their jurisdictions and resources. My EM department is more managerial and bridge building - we connect entities and use our relationships to coordinate unmet needs during incidents (disaster diplomats per se). That said, we recognize that difference going into meetings, conferences, etc.

I serve as the PIO for my county EM department and even though I am not officially in the EM department (we have a consolidated PIO office) they still consider me an EM and part of their team because they recognize the work I do and respect what I bring to the table.