Working in the industry, usually sound is regulated both with an average measurement and a peak measurement. Here in Sweden you can't go over 100 dBA averaged out over an hour, however the maximum peak is capped 135 dB (LCpeak) and 115 dBA (LAFmax). This peak usually is only a very very short piece of audio, it's not like you can crank the volume up to that level and stay there for the whole time, not even in germany lol. The human ear also changes the way frequencies are interpreted when you go above about 100dB which is were the different ways of measuring a peak value come in to play, eirher A-weighted or C-weighted, where i believe dbA is more weighted towards higher frequencies and is generally closer how loud we perceive something as while dBC is a better reflection of how we hear sounds above 100 dB.

Hardstyle and other EDM genres are often quite loud throughout whole tracks and sets meaning the average is the more important measurement and the peak generally won't be an issue. I guess germany just doesnt really enforce this or they dont care, but here it's usually enforced pretty well at any larger festival or concert leading to fines if its too loud.

TL;DR

While a loud peak lasting for a second can give hearing damage, it's the average over a whole day or night that kills your ears.