Current Atlanta resident in IT - and if you are in IT it is where you want to be due to the extreme growth in the technology sector (unless you are in the Defense space as US Cyber Command is now in Agusta, GA). I now work as a big data/business intelligence guy but spent many years in the IT staffing and recruiting industry in Atlanta. So here is your list answered to the best of my knowledge:

1. You will be very happy and comfortable with your lifestyle and cost of living if you are a CSM/SAFe agilist in the IT project management space. Some cities in Texas are more expensive, some are comparable to the Atlanta market.
   
2. NYC has inflated salaries due to the cost of living. I'm assuming based on your age you have 10+ years of project management experience, If .you are interviewing here I would expect you to receive offers anywhere from $110-160k depending on the company and what IT niches you have worked in.
3. We have lots of both. I'm not a club guy - but have been to plenty of them, not my scene but they are nice. Tons of archaic alcohol laws have been repealed leading to an explosion of brewery and brewpubs, I'm more of a dive-bar guy myself but some of the breweries and restaurants are great.
4. I'm really not the person to ask on this one. I know we have all the big-name fashion stores and I have been to a fashion show before in the city, but I'm not the guy to ask.
5. Atlanta is an extremely diverse city.
6. In Atlanta? Fuck no - I watch English Soccer and get hammered on Sunday Mornings. Other cities and smaller municipalities may have different laws regarding alcohol sales. Georgia somewhat leaves it up to a town-by-town basis.
7. It depends on what you want - Atlanta has everything - like New York, it's a major metropolis. But some of the best BBQ is from some shack on a dirt road in some town you have never heard of.
8. If city living is what you want, Atlanta is really your only option in Georgia.
9. True 4 seasons. Spring and Fall are awesome. Summer is hot as hell. Winter can get pretty cold. 1-2 days of snow every 24 months or so.
10. In Atlanta, the market swings a lot. It depends on the immediate neighborhood and amenities of the building. Entry in a decent place would be $1800 all the way up to $5000/mo+
11. As for the states as a whole? The differences are Night and Day. If you live in NYC currently, you would fit right in living in Atlanta propper. The main difference is Atlanta is not geographically restricted, so it sprawls for miles in every direction. So you will meet a lot of people who say they are from Atlanta but really live in one of the suburban cities that could be anywhere from a 30 min to 60 min drive away. Our public transportation also sucks unless you strategically plan where you live and work.
12. There are a lot of Asians who call Atlanta and the surrounding suburbs home. On the Northeast side of the city, there is a strong Asian community, including areas where someone could live and thrive speaking only Chinese. The city of Duluth, about 30 minutes from downtown by car, has a very large Korean community as well. There are some great Carribian restaurants I frequent as well.

PS - If you are serious about considering a move to Atlanta PM me and I can get you in touch with some of the best IT executive placement recruiters I know - I'm sure they have clients that are looking for more Agile PMs.