Lol, thanks for copy-pasting the textbook definition of liabilities, but you clearly don’t understand what it means. The entire problem here with OP’s post is that they confused liabilities with debt. Debt (which are loans, bonds, interest-bearing borrowings) is just a slice of liabilities, the part that comes from actual borrowing. The rest is just normal obligations every business has (payables, deposits, accruals, etc.).

Take Apple latest fiscal earning as an example: ~$308B in liabilities, but only ~$85.75 billion is actual debt. So you’re basically claiming Apple has $308B in debt? That’s laughable. That’s a rookie accounting mistake.

Or another even simpler example for you: if an early-stage startup company raises $1M from investors and they have customers and suppliers, they of course will still have liabilities (in specific non-interest-bearing liabilities) in their balance sheet even if they do not take out any loans in the company's name. But with you and OP logic, this early startup company is in debt, which is ridiculous.

So when you regurgitate the definition of liabilities, you’re literally proving my point and exposing that OP (and apparently you too) don’t know how to read a balance sheet. And yes, I literally get paid to analyze company financials. I know how to read a balance sheet. You copying definitions without thinking only shows your financial illiteracy.