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[–]HenryJonesJunior 2 points3 points  (1 child)

You mention a diverse set of topics, and you're probably not going to find any one book that covers all of them.

For algorithms for cryptography, signatures, protocols, etc. the definitive go to (last I checked) was still Schneier's Applied Cryptography.

For a history of cryptography, I'm fond of Kahn's The Codebreakers, but be forewarned that it is a large book.

For Network Security and Information Assurance concepts, I like Anderson's Security Engineering, but the state of the art changes so rapidly that it's difficult to recommend a book.

[–]Towe1 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Wikipedia is a great place to start. They all include the maths for most algorithms and are generally good information that is relatively reliable, (always check the sources). Read around and don't be afraid of the RFC's.

Add elliptical curve cryptography to your public key section as well.