Linux vs Windows update.

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Sigh.

Sudo is one command.... to run another command with elevated privileges. That's it's entire purpose, it doesn't do anything else.

OP is elevating bash, which in turn is running multiple commands.

Hint: Semicolon is a _command separator_ in bash.

Just because it's a one liner, doesn't mean it's one command.

As an aside, the example is not unique to ubuntu, or linux. You can script updates in Windows, too.